丙酮盐酸混合液提取土壤腐殖质组分的光谱学特征  

Spectroscopic Characteristics of Soil Humus Components Extracted With Acetone Hydrochloric Acid Mixture

作　　者：宋鸽 孔祥仕 SONG Ge;KONG Xiang-shi(Sino-Russia Institute,Heilongjiang University,Harbin 150080,China;Institute of Earth Sciences,St.Petersburg State University,St.Petersburg 199034,Russia;School of Tourism,Jishou University,Jishou 416000,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学中俄学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150080 [2]Institute of Earth Sciences,St.Petersburg State University,St.Petersburg 199034,Russia [3]吉首大学旅游学院,湖南吉首416000

出　　处：《光谱学与光谱分析》2024年第2期474-479,共6页Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis

基　　金：黑龙江省高校基本科研业务费黑龙江大学专项资金项目(2021-KYYWF-0025);国家自然科学基金项目(32160356);湖南省教育厅科学研究重点项目(21A0334)资助。

摘　　要：采用丙酮盐酸混合液提取土壤胡敏酸(HA)和胡敏素(HU)组分,利用元素分析、紫外-可见漫反射光谱和红外光谱进行结构表征。元素分析表明,HA中C、H、N和S含量均高于HU,O含量低于HU。原子比分析表明HA的缩合度相对较高,分子结构相对复杂,HU的缩合度相对较低,分子结构相对简单。紫外-可见漫反射光谱分析表明,由于腐殖质(HS)的组成复杂,多种官能团互相干扰,HA和HU紫外-可见漫反射光谱无明显特征峰,吸光度值随着波长的增加呈下降趋势,且HA包含的吸光有机成分较多,化学组成较复杂。HA和HU紫外特征参数SUV254和E4/E6比较分析表明,与HU相比,HA芳香性较大,腐殖化程度较高。红外光谱分析表明,HA和HU具有相似的红外光谱,各研究对象特征吸收峰的吸收强度不同,其中开垦黑土20~40 cm和未开垦灰土18~37 cm土层HA的振动幅度较大,说明其包含的酚类化合物、含羟基化合物、脂肪族化合物和羧酸,以及含羰基的醛、酮、醚等化合物的含量较多。开垦黑土10~20 cm土层和未开垦灰土18~37 cm土层HU在各特征吸收峰振动幅度较大,说明其包含的酚类化合物、羧酸、脂肪烃和糖类化合物含量较多。红外光谱各吸收峰强度比较分析表明,开垦后黑土HA和HU酚类化合物、羟基官能团和脂肪族化合物等含量增加,而开垦后灰土HA和HU酚类化合物、羧酸和脂肪族化合物含量下降,表明开垦对黑土土壤有机质影响相对较小,并且在一定程度上增加了土壤有机质含量,而促进了灰土土壤有机质的分解。综上所述,丙酮盐酸混合液提取法为HS生物化学和生理活性的研究提供了新的技术手段,为合理利用土壤资源提供理论依据。The components of soil humic acid(HA)and humin(HU)were extracted by acetone hydrochloric acid mixture,their elemental components were analyzed,and their spectroscopic characteristics were analyzed by UV-Vis diffuse reflectance and infrared spectroscopy.Elemental analysis showed that HA had higher carbon,hydrogen,nitrogen,and sulfur contents while having lower oxygen content than HU.Atomic ratio analysis showed that HA had a higher condensation degree and more complex molecular structure than HU.The UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectrum analysis showed that HA and HU had no obvious characteristic peak because of the complex composition of humic substances and the mutual interference of various functional groups.The UV absorbance decreased with the increase of wavelength,and HA contained more light absorbing organic components.The UV characteristic parameters of SUV254 and E4/E6 showed that HA had higher aromaticity and humification degree than HU.Infrared spectrum analysis shows that HA and HU have similar infrared spectra.However,the absorption intensity of characteristic absorption peaks of each research object is different.The vibration amplitude of HA in soil layer of 20~40 cm cultivated black soil and 18~37 cm uncultivated gray soil is larger,indicating that they had high contents of phenolic compounds,hydroxyl functional groups,aliphatic compounds,carboxyl groups,aldehydes,ketones,ethers,carbohydrate and amine compounds.The vibration amplitude of HU in soil layer of 10~20 cm cultivated black soil and 18~37 cm uncultivated gray soil is large,indicating that they contain more phenolic compounds,carboxylic acid,aliphatic hydrocarbons and sugars.In addition,intensity comparison of each absorption peak in the infrared spectrum showed that the content of phenolic compounds,hydroxyl functional groups and aliphatic compounds in HA and HU of black soil increased after cultivation.In contrast,the content of phenolic compounds,carboxyl groups and aliphatic compounds in HA and HU of gray soil decreased after cultivation.T

关 键 词：胡敏酸 胡敏素 元素分析 紫外-可见漫反射光谱 近红外光谱 

分 类 号：S153.1[农业科学—土壤学]