基于HEC-HMS的黄土高塬沟壑区流域城市化对洪水情势的影响  

Impact of Urbanization on Flood Regime in Gullied Loess Plateaus Based on HEC⁃HMS

作　　者：钟芳倩 霍艾迪[1,2,3] 赵志欣 陈建[1,2,3] 杨璐莹 王星[1,2,3] ZHONG Fangqian;HUO Aidi;ZHAO Zhixin;CHEN Jian;YANG Luying;WANG Xing(School of Water and Environment,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China;Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in the Arid Region Ministry of Education,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China;Xi’an Monitoring,Modelling and Early Warning of Watershed Spatial Hydrology International Science and Technology Cooperation Base,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]长安大学水利与环境学院,陕西西安710054 [2]长安大学旱区地下水文与生态效应教育部重点实验室,陕西西安710054 [3]长安大学西安市流域空间水文模拟监测与预警国际合作基地,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《人民黄河》2024年第2期67-72,79,共7页Yellow River

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(42261144749,41877232);国家自然科学基金重大项目(41790444/D0214);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)(XDA20030302)。

摘　　要：黄土高塬沟壑区城市化过程中下垫面硬化会影响暴雨水文情势,增大洪水模拟预报难度。为实现对流域城市洪水灾害的预警,基于HEC-HMS水文模型,分别率定砚瓦川流域城市化前后不同时期土地利用条件下的产汇流参数,开展极端暴雨洪水情景设计,揭示流域城市化对不同重现期洪水的水文效应。结果表明:建立的HEC-HMS降雨-径流模型适用于黄土高塬沟壑区洪水预报,其模拟综合合格率为81.25%,平均Nash效率系数为0.82;流域城市化对重现期短的洪水要素变化影响较大,且洪量变化幅度大于洪峰变化幅度,100 a一遇洪水的洪峰和洪量的增幅分别为4.54%和6.40%,5 a一遇洪水的洪峰和洪量的增幅分别为7.06%和9.49%;各子流域设计洪水对流域城市化的响应分布具有空间差异性,以西北部地区响应为最强,其次为南部地区,东北部地区最弱。In the process of urbanization of gullied loess plateaus,the hardening of underlying surface will affect the hydrological regime of rainstorm,increasing the difficulty of flood simulation and prediction.In order to realize the early warning of urban flood disasters in the wa⁃tershed,this study based on HEC⁃HMS hydrological model,calibrated the runoff yield and concentration parameters under different land use conditions before and after the urbanization process of Yanwachuan watershed,carried out extreme rainstorm flood scenario design and re⁃vealed the hydrological effect of basin urbanization on rainstorm floods in different recurrence periods.The results show that the HEC⁃HMS rainfall⁃runoff model can be used for flood forecasting in gullied loess plateaus,the comprehensive qualified rate of its simulation is 81.25%and the average Nash efficiency coefficient is 0.82.The basin urbanization has the greatest impact on the changes in flood elements during the low recurrence period,and the change of flood volume is greater than the change of flood peak.The increase of flood peak and flood volume of 100⁃year flood is 4.54%and 6.40%respectively and the increase of flood peak and flood volume of 5⁃year flood is 7.06%and 9.49%respec⁃tively.The spatial response distribution of design flood elements in each sub⁃basin has significant differences,with the strongest response in the northwest,followed by the south and the weakest in the northeast of Yanwachuan watershed.

关 键 词：HEC-HMS模型 流域城市化 洪水响应 砚瓦川流域 黄土高塬沟壑区 

分 类 号：TV124[水利工程—水文学及水资源] TV882.1