草地放牧饲养要素分析  

Analysis of Feeding Factors for Grazing on Grassland

作　　者：周道玮[1] 刘钟龄[2] 赵成振 欧阳滔滔 李强[1] 黄迎新[1] ZHOU Daowei;LIU Zhongling;ZHAO Chengzhen;OUYANG Taotao;LI Qiang;HUANG Yingxin(Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology of CAS,Changchun 130024,China;School of Life Sciences,Inner Mongolia University,Hohhot 010021,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所/吉林省草地畜牧重点实验室,吉林长春130024 [2]内蒙古大学生命科学学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010021

出　　处：《中国草地学报》2024年第1期1-10,共10页Chinese Journal of Grassland

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项A类(XDA26040202,XDA28110203)。

摘　　要：饲养牲畜是草地放牧的目标,放牧饲养牲畜是草地饲草资源利用的最有效途径。放牧饲养要素包括草地生产率、适宜载畜率、饲草质量、牲畜生长需要和采食量及放牧方式。本文对这些要素进行了归纳分析,目的在于推进发展草地放牧饲养理论并推导草地生产和保护性利用的关键技术。本文介绍了草地生产率研究方法、适宜载畜率确定标准、划区轮牧区块数计算方法及间歇休牧期和放牧期确定方法。草地放牧饲养理论:基于土壤和气候,改善草地生产和饲草质量,制定适宜载畜率,确定合理放牧方式,满足放牧牲畜最佳生长需要,并维持草地健康,实现“双赢”或“三赢”。草地保护性利用关键技术:放牧场或割草场施肥,调整适宜的载畜率,延迟放牧及间歇休牧,确切的划区轮牧体系,放牧场和割草场等量配置,二时段饲养模式。Raising livestock is the goal of grassland grazing,grazing is the most effective way to use grassland forage resources.The feeding factors for grazing on grassland include grassland productivity,suitable stocking rate,forage quality,livestock growth needs,feed intake,and grazing methods.This article summarized and analyzed these elements with the aim of promoting the development of feeding theory on grassland by grazing and deducing the key technologies for grassland production and conservative utilization.This paper introduced the research method of grassland productivity,the determination standards of suitable stocking rate,the calculation method of the number of zoning rotation grazing blocks,and the determination methods of intermittent grazing and grazing periods.Grassland grazing feeding theory:based on soil and climate,improve grassland production and forage quality,formulate suitable stocking rate,determine reasonable grazing pattern,meet the best growth needs of grazing livestock,and maintain grassland health,so as to achieve“win-win”or“triple win”.The key technologies of grassland conservative utilization:fertilization in grazing or cutting fields,adjusting suitable stocking rate,delay grazing and intermittent grazing,precise zoning rotation grazing system,equal allocation of grazing and cutting fields,and two time-period feeding mode.

关 键 词：草地生产率 饲草质量 载畜率 放牧方式 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]