不同长径比柱形炸药水下爆炸气泡动力学行为特性  

Dynamic Behavior Characteristics of Underwater Explosion Bubbles with Different Length-diameter Ratios

作　　者：刘元凯 秦健 迟卉 孟祥尧 文彦博 黄瑞源 LIU Yuan-kai;QIN Jian;CHI Hui;MENG Xiang-yao;WEN Yan-bo;HUANG Rui-yuan(National Key Laboratory of Transient Physics,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,China;Naval Research Academy,Beijing 100161,China;Academy of Military Science,Beijing 102205,China;College of Civil Engineering,Fuzhou University,Fuzhou 350116,China)

机构地区：[1]南京理工大学瞬态物理国家重点实验室,江苏南京210094 [2]海军研究院,北京100161 [3]防化研究院,北京102205 [4]福州大学土木工程学院,福建福州350116

出　　处：《火炸药学报》2024年第1期51-63,共13页Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.12172178)。

摘　　要：采用实验与数值模拟相结合的方法,研究了不同长径比的柱形装药在固支方板下爆炸气泡动力学行为;对质量2.5g、长径比分别为1∶1和2∶1的TNT炸药进行了水中固支方板下的爆炸实验,利用高速摄影记录爆炸气泡演化图像;使用ABAQUS软件对长径比为5∶1、10∶1、20∶1的柱形装药,在竖直与水平设置条件下的水下爆炸气泡演化过程进行了数值模拟。结果表明,炸药长径比为1∶1和2∶1时,爆炸气泡演化现象无明显差别。当药柱竖直放置时,由于炸药长径比不同导致的爆炸气泡初始形态差异,会在气泡演化过程中迅速消弭;但长径比与起爆位置都对射流速度有不同程度的影响;当药柱水平放置时,起爆点位置会影响气泡的对称性和水射流形态;药柱端部起爆时,气泡膨胀过程的形态略微不对称,水射流向起爆点方向偏移;炸药长径比越大爆炸水射流在气泡内部越宽,并且水射流的载荷越小;药柱中心起爆时,爆炸气泡产生竖直向上的水射流,不发生偏移。Using the method combining experiments and numerical simulations,the dynamic behavior of explosion bubbles for the cylindrical charges with different length-diameter ratios(L/D)under fixed square plates was studied.Explosion tests of TNT explosives with the mass of 2.5g and L/D of 1∶1 and 2∶1 under a fixed square plate was carried out,and the evolution of explosive bubbles was recorded by the high-speed camera.ABAQUS software was used to numerically simulate the underwater explosion bubble evolution process of cylindrical charges with L/D of 5∶1,10∶1,and 20∶1 under vertical and horizontal settings.The results show that there is no obvious difference between the explosion of 2.5g TNT explosives with a L/D of 1∶1 and 2∶1 under the board.When the explosives are placed vertically,the difference in the initial shape of the explosion bubble caused by different L/D of the explosives will be quickly eliminated during the evolution of the bubble.Moreover,the L/D and the starting position have effects on the water jet.When the explosives are placed horizontally,the symmetry of the bubble and the shape of the water jet will be affected by the location of the initiation point.To be specific,for the detonation from the end face,there is a slight asymmetry in the process of the bubble expansion,and the jet is offset in the direction of the starting point.Moreover,the larger the L/D of the explosives,the wider the water jet in the explosion bubble,and the smaller the load of the water jet.For the detonation from the center,the explosive bubble forms a vertical water jet without offset.

关 键 词：爆炸力学 水下爆炸 柱形装药 长径比 固支方板 爆炸气泡 水射流 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] O382.1[理学—流体力学]