白蚁触角感觉结构、电生理及在其社会行为中的作用  

Sensory structures and electrophysiology of termite antennae and the roles in its social behaviors

作　　者：付丙鲜 余雨停 韦益健 潘程远[1] 张大羽[1] 祝增荣[3] FU Bing-Xian;YU Yu-Ting;WEI Yi-Jian;PAN Cheng-Yuan;ZHANG Da-Yu;ZHU Zeng-Rong(College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou 311300,China;Jie Jie City Management Limited Company,Hangzhou 310000,China;Institute of Insect Sciences,College of Agriculturae&Biotechnology,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学现代农学院,杭州311300 [2]洁洁城市管理有限公司,杭州310000 [3]浙江大学农业与生物技术学院昆虫科学研究所,杭州310058

出　　处：《昆虫学报》2023年第12期1638-1648,共11页Acta Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31600520,32270514);中国博士后科学基金项目(2016M601970);浙江省自然科学基金项目(LZ20C040001);浙江农林大学科研发展基金项目(2019FR023)。

摘　　要：白蚁发生于几亿年前,其历史悠久,分布广泛,在我国及世界范围内造成重大经济损失。白蚁营隐蔽的穴居生活,给防治带来很大困难,长期化学防治白蚁也造成诸多社会及环境问题。触角是昆虫重要的感觉附肢,对于真社会性且单眼与复眼大多退化消失的非生殖型白蚁而言,触角对于其识别多样的种内/种间交流信号及外界环境信息尤为重要。本文综述了白蚁触角感觉结构、电生理及在其社会行为中所起作用的系列进展,以期为研发新型环保的白蚁防控策略提供参考。白蚁触角感器的解剖学研究经历了关注感器外部表观形态、内部超微结构及神经支配、由形态场效应所产生的感器分布和丰度以及通过形态场表现推论其品级差异的几个阶段。比较形态学研究认为白蚁触角的嗅觉形态与其生殖分工有关:与工蚁和兵蚁相比,雌蚁和雄蚁的触角更长、感觉器官数量更多,感觉器官的定量组成在生殖蚁和非生殖蚁之间有所不同,但在雌蚁和雄蚁之间或工蚁和兵蚁之间几乎没有差异。白蚁的触角电位测试涉及白蚁驱避剂、引诱剂、信息素、真菌、湿度变化等多个方面,拓展了人们对于白蚁触角感知的了解。气相色谱-触角电位联用技术(gas chromatography-electroantennographic detection,GC-EAD)与气相色谱-质谱联用仪(gas chromatography-mass spectrometer,GC-MS)相结合,检测及鉴定出系列能引起白蚁触角反应的化学成分,包括表皮碳氢化合物、跟踪信息素、性信息素、告警信息素、蚁后信息素以及植物挥发物等。另外,单感器记录也证实白蚁触角上存在嗅觉受体。鉴于电生理技术对白蚁触角感知的更多了解,行为学和分子生物学研究进一步证实了白蚁触角的各种作用,包括触角在觅食、取食、梳理清洁、同巢及异巢个体识别、皇室识别、尸体识别、检测环境湿度变化中的作用等,并开展了更Termites occurred hundreds of millions of years ago and were widely distributed,causing huge economic losses in China and all over the world.It is difficult to control termites because most of them live in hidden habitats.Additionally,long-term chemical control has caused many social and environmental problems.Antennae are important sensory appendages of insects,and are especially crucial for the eusocial,non-reproductive termites whose monocular and compound eyes are mostly degenerated or disappeared to recognize various intra-/inter-specific communication signals and the environmental information.In this article,we reviewed series of research progresses on the sensory structures and electrophysiology of termite antennae and the roles in its social behaviors,to provide a reference for the research and development of environmentally friendly termite control strategies.The anatomical study on antennal sensilla in termites has gone through several stages,including the external apparent morphology of sensilla,internal ultrastructure and dendritic innervations of sensilla,the distribution and abundance of sensilla produced by the morphological field effects,and inferring the differences among various castes through the morphological field performance of antennae.The comparative morphological studies suggest that the olfactory morphology of antennal sensilla is related to the division of reproduction.Compared with workers and soldiers,female and male termites have longer antennae and more sensory organs.The quantitative composition of sensory organs is different between reproductive and non-reproductive termites,but shows little difference between female and male termites or between workers and soldiers.The electroantennographic test in termites involves many aspects,such as termite repellents,attractants,pheromones,fungi,humidity change,etc.,which expands people’s understanding of the antennal perception of termites.Gas chromatography-electroantennographic detection(GC-EAD)combined with gas chromatography-mass spec

关 键 词：白蚁 触角 感器 超微结构 神经支配 电生理反应 社会行为 

分 类 号：Q964[生物学—昆虫学]