六斑异瓢虫生物学特性及其对核桃扁叶甲幼虫的捕食能力  

Biological characteristics of Aiolocaria hexaspilota(Coleoptera:Coccinellidae)and its predatory capacity against Gastrolina depressa(Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae)larvae

作　　者：温学达 刘玉升[1] WEN Xue-Da;LIU Yu-Sheng(Institute of Environmental Insects,College of Plant Protection,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai′an 271000,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学植物保护学院环境昆虫研究所,泰安271000

出　　处：《昆虫学报》2023年第12期1675-1684,共10页Acta Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：山东省农业重大应用技术创新项目(SD2019ZZ015)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究以核桃扁叶甲Gastrolina depressa幼虫为食料的六斑异瓢虫Aiolocaria hexaspilota的生物学特性,为利用六斑异瓢虫控制核桃扁叶甲提供理论依据。【方法】在林间、室内条件下观察和记录六斑异瓢虫各发育阶段的生活史、形态特征、生活习性、历期和存活率,并测定六斑异瓢虫2-4龄幼虫及成虫对不同密度的核桃扁叶甲2龄幼虫的捕食能力;采用HollingⅡ模型拟合计算六斑异瓢虫对核桃扁叶甲2龄幼虫的捕食功能反应和寻找效应。【结果】六斑异瓢虫在山东省泰安市一年发生1代,以成虫越冬。4月下旬至5月中旬为产卵盛期,5月上旬至6月上旬为孵化盛期,5月下旬至6月下旬为化蛹盛期,6月上旬至7月中旬为羽化盛期。在(25±0.5)℃,相对湿度(RH)80%±3%,光周期14L∶10D的条件下,六斑异瓢虫的卵历期、1-4龄幼虫历期和蛹历期分别为(3.84±0.13),(2.24±0.25),(1.90±0.21),(2.85±0.46),(4.42±0.42),(5.68±0.30)d;卵、1-4龄幼虫和蛹存活率分别为93.18%,93.33%,96.43%,96.67%,94.00%和96.00%;一生平均单雌产卵量约800粒,产卵期为40~60 d。六斑异瓢虫2-4龄幼虫及成虫对核桃扁叶甲2龄幼虫的捕食功能反应均符合HollingⅡ模型。六斑异瓢虫4龄幼虫对核桃扁叶甲2龄幼虫的捕食能力(a′/T_(h))最强,为78.67;日最大理论捕食量(1/T h)最大,为53.76头;处理单头猎物所需时间最短,为0.0186 d;六斑异瓢虫2龄幼虫对核桃扁叶甲2龄幼虫的捕食能力(a′/T_(h))最低,仅为31.20。六斑异瓢虫对核桃扁叶甲2龄幼虫的捕食量与猎物密度呈正相关,而寻找效应与猎物密度呈负相关。模拟后的各方程经卡方检验,其理论值与观察值差异不显著。【结论】这些结果表明六斑异瓢虫对核桃扁叶甲幼虫具有较好的控制潜力。本研究可为今后更高效地利用六斑异瓢虫资源以及正确评价六斑异瓢虫对核桃扁叶甲幼虫的生物防治潜能提供理论依据。【Aim】To explore the biological characteristics of Aiolocaria hexaspilota fed on Gastrolina depressa larvae,so as to provide a theoretical basis for the control of G.depressa using A.hexaspilota.【Methods】The life history,morphological characteristics,life habits,duration and survival rates of different developmental stages of A.hexaspilota were observed and recorded in the field and laboratory,and the predatory capacities of the 2nd-4th instar larvae and adults of A.hexaspilota on the 2nd instar larvae of G.depressa at different densities were assayed.The Holling typeⅡmodel was used to fit the functional response and searching efficiency of A.hexaspilota on the 2nd instar larvae of G.depressa.【Results】One generation of A.hexaspilota occurred in a year in Tai′an City,Shandong Province,East China.It overwintered as adults.The peak period of female adult oviposition was during late April-middle May,that of incubation was during early May-early June,that of pupation was during late May-late June,and that of adult eclosion was during early June-middle July.Under the condition of(25±0.5)℃,RH 80%±3%and photoperiod of 14L∶10D,the egg,1st-4th instar larval and pupal duration of A.hexaspilota was(3.84±0.13),(2.24±0.25),(1.90±0.21),(2.85±0.46),(4.42±0.42)and(5.68±0.30)d,respectively,the egg,1st-4th instar larval and pupal survival rates were 93.18%,93.33%,96.43%,96.67%,94.00%and 96.00%,respectively,the average fecundity in its whole life was 800 eggs laid per female and the oviposition period was 40-60 d.The predation of the 2nd-4th instar larvae and adults of A.hexaspilota on the 2nd instar larvae of G.depressa followed a Holling typeⅡfunctional response.The 4th instar larvae of A.hexaspilota preying on the 2nd instar larvae of G.depressa had the strongest predation capacity,with the a′/T_(h) value of 78.67,the largest daily maximal theoretical predation amount,with the 1/T_(h) value of 53.76 individuals,and the shortest handling time(0.0186 d).The 2nd instar larvae of A.hexaspilota preying o

关 键 词：六斑异瓢虫 核桃扁叶甲 形态特征 生物学特性 捕食能力 

分 类 号：Q968[生物学—昆虫学]