荒漠早春植物囊果草受精作用与胚胎发育的解剖结构  

The Anatomical Structure of Fertilization and Embryonic Development of Early-spring Ephemeral Leontice incerta in the Desert

作　　者：梁静业 张芳[1] 黄代红 吉乃提汗·马木提[1,2] LIANG Jingye;ZHANG Fang;HUANG Daihong;Jannathan MAMUT(College of Life Sciences,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Western Arid Region Grassland Resources and Ecology,College of Grassland Sciences,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学生命科学学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆农业大学草业学院,西部干旱区草地资源与生态教育部重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《种子》2023年第12期38-44,51,共8页Seed

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区杰出青年科学基金(2022D01E49);新疆荒漠植物种质资源共享平台建设(PT2224);新疆维吾尔自治区研究生科研创新项目(XJ2022G153)

摘　　要：囊果草是小檗科囊果草属多年生早春短命植物,在我国仅分布于天山北部荒漠和低山山坡。为明确该物种有性生殖特性,本研究采用光学显微和石蜡切片技术,对该物种双受精过程及胚胎发生/发育进行了观察。结果表明,该物种受精作用属于有丝分裂前配子融合型;同一子房不同胚珠的受精时间不同;精核与极核的融合早于精核与卵核融合;初生胚乳核随即进入分裂期,发育为核型胚乳;当胚发育至心形原胚时,胚乳核产生细胞壁,形成完整的胚乳细胞;合子分裂晚于胚乳核分裂;胚胎发生类型为柳叶菜型。双受精和胚胎发育正常,不是导致其濒危的原因。Leontice incerta Pall.is an early-spring perennial ephemeral of Leontice in the Berberidaceae species that only distributed in the deserts zone and low hills of the northern piedmont of the Tianshan Mountains,Xinjiang,China.In order to clarify the characteristics of sexual reproduction of this species,the double fertilization process and embryogenesis development of this species were observed by light microscope and paraffin sectioning technique.The results showed that:the fertilization of this species belonged to the pre-mitotic gamete fusion;the fertilization time of different ovules in the same ovary was different;the fusion of sperm nucleus and polar nucleus was earlier than that the fusion of sperm nucleus and egg nucleus.Primary endosperm nucleus entered the fission phase immediately and devoloped in the type of nuclear endosperm.When the embryo developing to heart-shaped proembryo,endosperm cell wall was formed around the endosperm nuclei,to form the complete endosperm cells.Zygote division was later than the division of endosperm nucleus;form of embryogenesis was onagrad type.Double fertilization and embryonic development were normal,which was not the reason for its endangerment.

关 键 词：囊果草 濒危物种 有性生殖 解剖结构 石蜡切片 

分 类 号：Q944[生物学—植物学]