不同处理破除新疆黄花苜蓿种子硬实效果的研究  

Study on the Effect of Different Treatments on Breaking Hard Seed of Medicago falcata L.in Xinjiang

作　　者：杜雨 于秀明 汪鹏 王玉祥 张博[1] DU Yu;YU Xiuming;WANG Peng;WANG Yuxiang;ZHANG Bo(College of Grassland Science,Xinjiang Agriculture University,Urumqi 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学草业学院,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《种子》2023年第12期145-151,共7页Seed

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发任务专项计划“优质牧草高效生产与加工关键技术集成示范”(2022B02003);新疆维吾尔自治区科技重大专项“新疆农作物种质资源征集、评价与安全保存体系构建”(2022A03004-1);国家自然基金“新疆野生黄花苜蓿种质资源遗传特性与核心种质构建研究”(31860675)。

摘　　要：本试验以新疆野生黄花苜蓿为材料,采用机械打磨、变温(高温干燥、低温处理、液氮处理)、浸种(热水、浓硫酸、盐湖水)等方法处理种子,通过分析比较各处理下的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数等指标来探究打破种子硬实的最佳处理方法。结果表明,机械打磨降低硬实率的效果最佳,可以完全破除硬实;100℃热水浸种也可有效降低硬实率,种子发芽率可达70%以上,液氮处理30 min也可提高发芽率至80%;高低温处理、盐湖水浸种等处理能够降低硬实率,但效果不显著;浓硫酸浸种虽然可以完全打破硬实,但处理浓度和时间难以控制,很容易导致种子死亡。综合分析,机械打磨和热水浸种是破除黄花苜蓿种子硬实较为理想的处理方法。In this experiment,Xinjiang wild Medicago falcata L.was used as the material,and the seeds were treated by mechanical grinding,temperature change(high temperature drying,low temperature treatment,liquid nitrogen treatment),seed soaking(hot water,concentrated sulfuric acid,salt lake water)and other methods.The best treatment method to break the hard seed was explored by analyzing and comparing the germination rate,germination potential,germination index,vitality index and other indicators under each treatment.The results show that mechanical grinding had the best effect of reducing the hardness rate and could completely break the hardness.Soaking seeds in hot water at 100℃could also effectively reduce the hard bearing rate,and the germination rate could reach more than 70%,and the germination rate could be increased to 80%after 30 min of liquid nitrogen treatment.High and low temperature treatment,salt lake water soaking and other treatments could reduce the hardiness rate,but the effect was not significant.Although the seeds could be completely broken by concentrated sulfuric acid soaking,the treatment concentration and time were difficult to control,and it was easy to lead to seed death.By comprehensive analysis,mechanical grinding and hot water soaking were the ideal treatment methods to break the hardiness of Medicago falcata L.seeds.

关 键 词：黄花苜蓿 种子 硬实率 发芽率 发芽势 

分 类 号：S551.7[农业科学—作物学]