轨道车辆制动副摩擦自激对车轮磨耗的影响  

Influence of friction self-excitation of brake pair on wheel wear of rail vehicle

作　　者：宋瑞 张宇航 周劲松 张忠凯 孙丽霞 沈钢 SONG Rui;ZHANG Yuhang;ZHOU Jinsong;ZHANG Zhongkai;SUN Lixia;SHEN Gang(Institute of Rail Transit,Tongji University,Shanghai 201804,China;China Railway Inspection and Certification Center,Beijing 100081,China;Institute of Standard Metrology,China Academy of Railway Sciences Group,Beijing 100081,China;Railway Science and Technology Research and Development Center of China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited,Beijing 100081,China;Wheel-Rail System Laboratory,National Engineering Research Center of System Technology for High-speed Railway and Urban Rail Transit,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学铁道与城市轨道交通研究院,上海201804 [2]中铁检验认证中心有限公司,北京100081 [3]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司标准计量研究所,北京100081 [4]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司铁道科学技术研究发展中心,北京100081 [5]高速铁路与城轨交通系统技术国家工程研究中心轮轨关系实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《铁道科学与工程学报》2024年第1期48-57,共10页Journal of Railway Science and Engineering

基　　金：中国国家铁路集团有限公司重点课题(N2022G043);中国国家铁路集团有限公司科研专项(L2022J003);国家自然科学基金资助项目(52375115)。

摘　　要：轮轨周期性磨耗会加剧轮轨动态相互作用,造成车辆系统关键部件发生疲劳断裂,引起车体的异常振动,对乘坐舒适性和运行安全性有较大影响,然而先前研究很少将制动副振动与车轮磨损进行联系。为研究车轮周期性磨耗的原因,通过考虑制动单元的自激振荡对车轮磨损的影响,建立考虑轮轨附着的列车制动系统扭转模型。利用数值方法对制动系统的振动状态进行求解,通过一些非线性理论的相关图谱(系统运动的分岔图、相图、庞加莱截面图、频谱图和时域图等),深入探究制动工况下系统的振动情况,得到制动单元内部因摩擦因数的负斜率特性引起的自激振荡对车轮磨损的影响。研究结果表明:制动系统因摩擦自激产生的不稳定运动仅在车速较低时发生,随着制动速度的降低,当车速低于12.88 km/h时,制动系统会从稳定区间进入振荡区间进而引发制动系统颤振。与此同时,制动系统的颤振会引起车轮蠕滑率的波动,进而影响轮轨间的切向力与轮轨磨损。当制动速度处于振荡区间时,车轮会出现不均匀磨损;当制动速度靠近振荡区间的临界值时,车轮磨损近似均匀;当制动速度处于稳定区间时,车轮纵向蠕滑力近似无波动,车轮不再因制动副的自激振荡产生异常磨损。最后探究了制动压力对系统运动稳定性与轮轨磨耗的影响,发现大制动压力下系统振幅增大,磨损更为明显。探究制动系统对车辆周期性磨耗的影响,可为车轮周期性磨耗机理的研究和控制措施的选用提供参考。Periodic wheel-rail wear will intensify the dynamic wheel-rail interaction,resulting in fatigue fracture of key components of the vehicle system and abnormal vibration of the vehicle body,which has a great impact on ride comfort and operation safety.However,previous studies rarely link brake pair vibration with wheel wear.In order to study the causes of periodic wheel wear,in this paper,the effect of self-excited oscillation of brake unit on wheel wear was considered for the first time.Firstly,the torsion model of the train braking system considering wheal-rail attachment was established.The vibration state of the braking system was solved by numerical method.The vibration of the system under braking conditions was deeply explored through some nonlinear correlation graphs(bifurcation diagram,phase diagram,Poincare cross section diagram,spectrum diagram and time domain diagram of the system motion,etc.).The influence of self-excited oscillation on wheel wear caused by negative slope of friction coefficient in brake unit was obtained.The results show that the unstable motion caused by friction self-excitation of the braking system only occurs at low speed.With the decrease of the braking speed,when the speed is lower than 12.88 km/h,the braking system will enter the oscillation range from the stable range,which will cause the braking system to flutter.At the same time,the flutter of the braking system will cause the fluctuation of wheel creep rate,which will affect the tangential force and wheel-rail wear.When the braking speed is in the oscillation range,the wheel will appear uneven wear.When the braking speed is close to the critical value of the oscillation interval,the wheel wear is approximately uniform.When the braking speed is in the stable range,the longitudinal creep force of the wheel does not fluctuate,and the wheel no longer has abnormal wear due to the self-excited oscillation of the brake pair.The influence of braking pressure on the system motion stability and wheel-rail wear is investigated.It is fo

关 键 词：列车车轮 制动单元 自激振荡 不均匀磨耗 制动压力 

分 类 号：U270.2[机械工程—车辆工程]