三电平辅助变流器寿命优化控制  

Lifetime optimization control of three-level auxiliary converter

作　　者：向超群[1] 杜京润 孙士杰 李佳怡 范子寅 于天剑[1] XIANG Chaoqun;DU Jingrun;SUN Shijie;LI Jiayi;FAN Ziyin;YU Tianjian(School of Traffic and Transportation,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China;CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co.,Ltd.,Changchun 130062,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学交通运输工程学院,湖南长沙410075 [2]中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司,吉林长春130062

出　　处：《铁道科学与工程学报》2024年第1期328-341,共14页Journal of Railway Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52002409);国家重点研发计划资助项目(2022YFB4201602-02)。

摘　　要：辅助变流系统是动车组车辆上关键的电气组成部分,主要为空调机组、风机、照明等交流负载提供稳定的三相电源。结温是影响动车组三电平辅助变流器IGBT(Insulated-gate Bipolar Transistor)模块寿命的主要因素。为了提高动车组三电平中点钳位(Neutral-Point Clamped,NPC)型辅助变流器寿命,提出一种降低结温的模型预测电流控制(Model Predictive Current Control,MPCC)策略。首先,考虑传统MPCC在每个采样周期需要代入27个电压矢量循环计算,计算量较大,因此将三电平基本电压矢量划分在间隔60°的6个扇区中,通过计算电压矢量在两相静止坐标下的相角,进而判断参考电压矢量所处扇区,将备选矢量数目从27缩减至10,减少了计算量;其次,传统MPCC直接应用于动车组辅助变流器会使IGBT模块的结温较高,老化速度加快,对变流器安全稳定运行产生不可预测的损害,本文对IGBT模块的开关损耗和导通损耗进行近似等效,得到了和集射极电压、集电极电流相关的功率损耗因子。通过预测每相电流的方向,进而预测IGBT模块的开关和导通情况,动态加入功率损耗因子,并在代价函数中约束每相IGBT及其续流二极管(Free Wheeling Diode,FWD)的功率损耗,使得最优电压矢量在降低功率损耗的同时保证一定的控制性能。通过仿真与实验验证,本文所提方法相比传统MPCC策略降低了功率器件的结温,提高了变流器寿命。The auxiliary converter system is a key electrical component of EMU vehicles,which mainly provides stable three-phase power supply for AC loads such as air conditioning units,fans and lighting.Junction temperature is the main factor affecting the life of the three-level auxiliary converter insulated-gate bipolar transistor(IGBT)by the EMU.In order to improve the life of the three-level neutral point clamped(NPC)auxiliary converter,this paper proposed a lower junction temperature model predictive current control strategy(MPCC).Firstly,considering that the traditional MPCC needs to substitute 27 voltage vector cycles in each sampling cycle,the calculation amount was relatively large.Therefore,the three-level basic voltage vector was divided into 6 sectors with an interval of 60°.By calculating the phase angle of the voltage vector in the twophase static coordinate,the sector in which the reference voltage vector was located is judged.The number of alternative vector was reduced from 27 to 10.Reduce the amount of computation.Secondly,the direct application of the traditional MPCC to the auxiliary converter of the EMU will make the junction temperature of the IGBT module higher and the aging speed faster,resulting in unpredictable damage to the safe and stable operation of the converter.Therefore,in this paper,the switching loss and conduction loss of the IGBT module were approximately equivalent,and then the power loss factors related to the emitter voltage and collector current were obtained.By predicting the direction of current in each phase,and then predicting the switching and conduction loss condition of IGBT module,the power loss factor was dynamically added.The power loss of each phase IGBT and its free wheeling diode(FWD)was constrained in the cost function.The optimal voltage vector can reduce the power loss and ensure certain control performance.Through simulation and experiment,compared with the traditional MPCC strategy,the proposed method can reduce the junction temperature of the power device and pro

关 键 词：三电平中点钳位型辅助变流器 功率损耗 模型预测电流控制 损耗因子 变流器寿命 

分 类 号：U266[机械工程—车辆工程]