粤北地区不同留桩高度下适宜再生稻品种筛选及产量构成分析  

Analysis on Screening of Suitable Varieties for Rice Ratooning and Yield Components under Different Cutting Heights in North Guangdong

作　　者：黄振标 胡香玉 钟旭华[2] 梁开明[2] 潘俊峰[2] 叶群欢 尹媛红 HUANG Zhenbiao;HU Xiangyu;ZHONG Xuhua;LIANG Kaiming;PAN Junfeng;YE Qunhuan;YIN Yuanhong(Shixing Agricultural Science Research Institute,Shixing 512509,China;Rice Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China(Co-construction by Ministry and Province),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding/Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory,Guangzhou 510640,China)

机构地区：[1]始兴县农业科学研究所,广东始兴512509 [2]广东省农业科学院水稻研究所/农业农村部华南优质稻遗传育种重点实验室(部省共建)/广东省水稻育种新技术重点实验室/广东省水稻工程实验室,广东广州510640

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2023年第12期160-171,共12页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：韶关市科技计划项目(2018041654531395);广东省自然科学基金(2020A1515110224);广东省水稻产业技术体系创新团队项目(2023KJ105)。

摘　　要：【目的】评价不同留桩高度下再生稻生育期和产量表现,筛选适宜粤北地区不同留桩高度下的水稻品种。【方法】以广东省培育或审定的34个水稻品种为供试材料,设中桩和低桩2种留桩高度,研究不同留桩高度下品种间生育期、产量和产量构成的差异。【结果】头季稻产量为5210.9~8566.8 kg/hm^(2),其中黄广华占1号最高;低桩再生季产量为3335.0~6357.3 kg/hm^(2),较中桩(2084.4~5940.5kg/hm^(2))提高16.1%,2种留桩高度下均以青香优19香再生季产量最高。聚类分析表明,中桩条件下,再生季产量和两季总产(头季+再生季)可分为高产、中高产、中产和低产4大类群,二者各类群数量分别为4、7、18、5个和1、14、14、5个;低桩条件下,再生季产量仍分为4大类群,数量分别为2、17、14和5个,两季总产则分为高产(10个)、中产(21个)和低产(3个)3大类群。与中桩再生稻相比,低桩条件下再生季生育期平均延长9.1 d,每穗粒数增加,但有效穗数和结实率降低。倒3节位、倒4节位和倒5及以下节位再生稻对产量的贡献率在中桩条件下分别为4.7%、33.3%和62.0%,在低桩条件下分别为0%、11.9%和88.1%。【结论】以再生季产量属中高产以上类群,同时两季总产属高产类群作为标准,筛选出黄广油占、黄广华占1号、黄广太占、五优粤禾丝苗、广8优金占、恒丰优387、青香优003、青香优132和青香优19香共9个品种适宜作中桩再生稻种植,二广香占3号、黄广油占、黄广华占1号、黄广太占、粤禾丝苗、南晶占、粤泰油占、黄华占、五优粤禾丝苗和广8优金占共10个品种适宜作低桩再生稻种植。中桩再生稻主要来自倒4节及以下节位,低桩再生稻主要来自倒5节及以下节位。【Objective】Based on the evaluation of growth period and grain yield performance of ratooning rice under different cutting heights,suitable varieties were selected for ratooning rice production in North Guangdong.【Method】Thirty-four rice varieties(bred or approved in Guangdong Province)were selected for tests under mid-or low-stubble cutting heights.The growth period,grain yield and yield components under different cutting heights among the tested varieties were investigated.【Result】The main crop yield was 5210.9-8566.8 kg/hm^(2),and grain yield of Huangguanghuazhan 1 was the highest.The ratoon crop yield of low-stubble ratooning rice was 3335.0-6357.3 kg/hm^(2),16.1%higher than that of midstubble ratooning rice(2084.4-5940.5 kg/hm^(2)).Qingxiangyou 19 Xiang was the highest in ratoon crop yield under both cutting heights.According to cluster analysis,the ratoon crop yield and total annual grain yield under mid-stubble ratooning rice mode could be categorized to four major groups,namely,high-yield,mid-high-yield,medium-yield,and low-yield levels.Each group contained 4,7,18,and 5 varieties for ratoon crop yield and contained 1,14,14,and 5 varieties for total annual grain yield under mid-stubble ratooning rice mode.Under low-stubble cutting height,the ratoon crop yield was also categorized to four major groups with 2,17,14 and 5 varieties,while the total annual grain yield was divided into three major groups,containing 10,21,and 3 varieties,respectively.In ratoon season of low-stubble ratooning rice,the growth period was prolonged by an average of 9.1 days,the number of spikelets per panicle was increased,and the effective panicles and seed setting rate were reduced compared with those in ratoon season of mid-stubble ratooning rice.Under mid-stubble cutting height,the ratooning rice regenerated from the 3rd,4th,and 5th nodes from the top(D3,D4 and D5)contributed 4.7%,33.3%,and 62.0% of the total grain yield per plant,respectively.Under low-stubble cutting height,the ratooning rice regenerated from D3,D4,a

关 键 词：再生稻 留桩高度 水稻品种 产量 聚类分析 

分 类 号：S5-33[农业科学—作物学] S511