打破官僚控制:以莫迪政府军政关系改革为例  

Breaking Bureaucratic Control Model: A Case Study of Modi Government’s CMR Reform

作　　者：杨路 Yang Lu

机构地区：[1]中央党校(国家行政学院)国际战略研究院

出　　处：《印度洋经济体研究》2024年第1期24-48,160,161,共27页Indian Ocean Economic and Political Review

摘　　要：以西方国家实践为基础的主流军政关系理论很难解释发展中国家军政关系问题。本文以主要行为体之间权力关系为变量,构建军人控制模式、政治控制模式和官僚控制模式三种军政关系类型,并以印度为例,对其所属的官僚控制模式进行探究。印度自独立之初便确立了官僚控制模式,该模式在确保文官政府对军队绝对控制的同时,也限制了其军事制度的改革与发展。在多任领导人改革尝试失利的背景下,莫迪政府开展了独立以来规模最大、程度最深的军政关系改革。具体而言,莫迪政府通过领导人集权、向军方赋权、对文官官僚削权的手段调整军政关系主要行为体的权责范围,试图打破官僚控制模式的桎梏。军政关系调整属于长周期工程,作为一项仍在进行中的改革尝试,莫迪政府的改革举措有助于军政关系的改善以及军事力量的整合。展望未来,印度军政关系改革面临两大考验:一是未来军政领导人能否坚持当前改革思路;二是改革举措能否真正实现制度化。总之,印度的官僚控制模式改革之路充满阻碍。The mainstream civil-military relations theory based on the practice of western countries is difficult to explain the practices in developing countries.This paper takes the power relationship among the main actors as a variable,constructs three types of military-government relationship,namely military control model,political control model and bureaucratic control model,and takes India as an example to explore the bureaucratic control model to which it belongs.Since its independence,India has established the bureaucratic control model,which ensures the absolute control of the military by the civilian government,but also restricts the reform and development of its defense capability.Against the backdrop of failed reform attempts by successive leaders,Modi government has undertaken the biggest and deepest reform of civil-military relations since independence.Specifically,Modi government tries to break the shackling of the bureaucratic control model by adjusting the scope of power and responsibility of the main actors in the civil-military relationship through the means of strengthening the political leadership,empowering the military and cutting power of civilian bureaucracy.This reform is a long-term project,and as an ongoing attempt,Modi government’s reform are conducive to the improvement of military-government relations and the integration of military forces.Looking ahead,the reform faces two major challenges:first,whether the future military and political leaders can stick to the current reform ideas,second,whether the reform measures can be truly institutionalized.In short,the road to reforming India’s bureaucratic control model is fraught with obstacles.

关 键 词：军政关系 官僚控制模式 莫迪政府 军事改革 

分 类 号：D735.1[政治法律—政治学]