孟子的古典管理数学思想  

Mencius'Thoughts on Classical Management Mathematics

作　　者：吕变庭[1] LV Bianting(Center for Studies of Song History,Hebei University,Baoding,Hebei 071002,China)

机构地区：[1]河北大学宋史研究中心,河北保定071002

出　　处：《河北大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第1期98-107,共10页Journal of Hebei University(Philosophy and Social Science)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“中国传统科技思想史研究”(15AZD038);国家社会科学基金重大项目“17—20世纪国外学者研究中国宋元数理科学的文献整理和历史考察”(20&ZD228)。

摘　　要：孟子善论辩,而为了明晰事理,他在论辩过程中经常会给出一些算术问题。因此,《孟子》一书包含着比较丰富的古典管理数学内容,如“万取千焉,千取百焉”的利益观,“请野九一而助,国中什一使自赋”的井田制构想,以及“今滕,绝长补短,将五十里”的几何割补方法等。特别是孟子将“规矩”“六律”和“仁政”三者统一起来,强调把数学置于王道之国的基础地位,重视数学在社会政治领域的应用,主张“苟求其故”的数学思维(包括数学原理和数学方法),特点非常突出。这既反映了春秋战国古典数学发展的特点,同时又是对《周礼》“九数”之艺的进一步总结和提高。Mencius was a good debater,and in order to make things clear,he often posed some arith-metic questions during the debate.Therefore,the book of Mencius contains rich contents of classical management mathematics,such as the concept of“Taking one thousand from ten thousand,and taking one hundred from a thousand”,the idea of the well-field system,as“Implementing a 1/9 tax law in the suburbs and a 1/10 tax law in the capital to allow people to pay on their own”,as well as the geo-metric cutting and mending methods of“The current Teng Kingdow,cutting off from the long to make up the deficiency of the short,still has nearly 50 miles of land in an arrea”.Mencius,in particular,unified“Rules”,“Six laws”and“Benevolent government”,stressing the fundamental position of mathematics in the kingdom of kingcraft,attaching importance to the application of mathematics in the field of social politics,and proposing the mathematical thinking(including mathematical principle and mathematical method)advocating“Seeking after the past”which is very outstanding.This not only reflects the characteristics of the development of classical mathematics in the Spring and Autumn period and Warring States period,but also summarizes and improves the art of“Nine numbers”in Zhou Li.

关 键 词：孟子 管理数学 薄税敛 井田制 

分 类 号：B222.5[哲学宗教—中国哲学]