降氮增施有机肥对烤烟生长发育和产量的影响  

Effects of Reducing Nitrogen and Increasing Organic Fertilizer on Growth,Yield of Flue-Cured Tobacco

作　　者：齐虹凌[1] 郝爱平[1] 张彦丽[1] 赛子林 张智 张锴 刘世丰 焦玉生 QI Hongling;HAO Aiping;ZHANG Yanli;SAI Zilin;ZHANG Zhi;ZHANG Kai;LIU Shifeng;JIAO Yusheng(Mudanjiang Normal University,Mudanjiang 157011,China;Heilongjiang Tobacco Company Harbin Tobacco Company,Harbin 150001,China;Heilongjiang Tobacco Company Mudanjiang Tobacco Company,Mudanjiang 157011,China;Harbin Tobacco Company Binxian Branch,Harbin 150040,China;Heilongjiang Provincial Company Tobacco Science Research Institute,Harbin 150076,China)

机构地区：[1]牡丹江师范学院,黑龙江牡丹江157011 [2]黑龙江省烟草公司哈尔滨烟叶公司,黑龙江哈尔滨150001 [3]黑龙江省烟草公司牡丹江烟叶公司,黑龙江牡丹江157011 [4]哈尔滨烟叶公司宾县分公司,黑龙江哈尔滨150076 [5]黑龙江省公司烟草科学研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150076

出　　处：《黑龙江农业科学》2024年第2期31-35,共5页Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：黑龙江省教育厅项目(1451ZD005);牡丹江师范学院科研项目(YB2021005);黑龙江省烟草行业科技项目(20182300002700081,2019230000240083,2022230000200229)。

摘　　要：为了提高烤烟质量和经济效益,以龙江986为供试品种进行随机区组试验,设置5个处理,对不同处理烤烟农艺性状、干物质积累、叶绿素含量及经济性状进行测定,以此分析不同施肥配比条件下烟株生长发育及经济性状的变化情况。结果表明,施用肥料的处理其各项农艺性状指标均优于未施肥的对照处理,其中F3(硝酸钾+精制有机肥)和F5(硝酸钾+烟秆有机肥)处理效果最好。增施有机肥及仅施硝酸钾均能够促进烟株的生长,但仅施硝酸钾的效果没有配合施用有机肥的效果好。有机肥与硝酸钾配合施用有利于增加烟株根、茎、叶的干物质积累,与F2(只施硝酸钾)处理相比,团棵期效果最好的为F4(硝酸钾+蚯蚓有机肥)处理,根增加0.40 g,茎增加0.86 g,增加叶重2.25 g;始采期效果最好的为F3处理,茎增加6.64 g,叶增加3.67 g。有机肥与硝酸钾配合施用能够提高烟株叶绿素含量,与F2处理相比,F3处理SPAD值增加1.0,F4处理增加1.6,F5处理增加0.9。此外,有机肥与硝酸钾配合施用能够提升烟株的产量及品质,与F2处理相比,F4处理的单叶质量最大,为5.71 g;产量最高,为1 465.95 kg·hm^(-2),对提高烟株的单叶质量及增产作用效果较好;F5处理的上等烟率最高,为7.05%,可明显改善烟株的品质。综合来看,降氮增施有机肥对烤烟生长发育和产量存在正向促进的作用。F3处理有利于改善烟株农艺性状,F4处理在干物质积累、提高叶绿素含量、单叶质量和产量方面存在一定优势,F5处理有利于提高上等烟率。在生产过程中可以结合具体需求筛选合适的处理或者搭配使用。In order to improve the quality and economic benefits of flue-cured tobacco,yield of flue-cured tobacco,a randomized block experiment was conducted with Longjiang 986 as the experimental variety.Five treatments were set up to determine the agronomic traits,dry matter accumulation,chlorophyll content,and economic traits of flue-cured tobacco.This was done to analyze the changes in tobacco growth,development,and economic traits under different fertilization ratios.The results showed that the treatment with fertilizer application had better agronomic traits than the control treatment without fertilization,and the treatments of F3(potassius nitrate+refined organic fertilizer)and F5(potassium nitrate+tobacco straw organic fertilizer)were the best.Both increasing the application of organic fertilizer and applying only potassium nitrate could promote the growth of tobacco plants,but the effect of applying only potassium nitrate was not as good as that of combining organic fertilizer.The combination application of organic fertilizer and potassium nitrate was beneficial for increasing the dry weight of tobacco roots,stems,and leaves.Compared with the F2(potassium nitrate)treatment,the F4(potassium nitrate+earthworm organic fertilizer)treatment had the best effect in the rosette stage,increasing root weight by 0.40 g,stem weight by 0.86 g,and leaf weight by 2.25 g.The F3 treatment had the best effect in the maturing stage,increasing stem weight by 6.44 g,and leaf weight by 3.67 g;The combination of organic fertilizer and potassium nitrate could increase the chlorophyll content of tobacco plants.Compared with F2 treatment,the SPAD value of F3 treatment increased by 1.0,F4 treatment increased by 1.6,and F5 treatment increased by 0.9.In addition,the combination of organic fertilizer and potassium nitrate could improve the yield and quality of tobacco plants.Compared with F2 treatment,F4 treatment had the highest leaf weight(5.71 g)and the highest yield(1465.95 kg·ha^(-1)),which had a better effect on increasing the leaf weig

关 键 词：降氮 增施有机肥 烤烟 生长发育 产量 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]