稻茬紫云英田阔叶草防治药剂筛选及安全性评价  

Screening and Selectivity Evaluation of Herbicides on Controlling Broadleaf Weeds in Rice Stubble Astragalus sinicus Field

作　　者：余艳芳 何世界 丁丽 杜光辉 杨光 雷海霞 刘彦龙 吕玉虎 YU Yan-fang;HE Shi-jie;DING Li;DU Guang-hui;YANG Guang;LEI Hai-xia;LIU Yan-long;LYU Yu-hu(Xinyang City Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Xinyang Experiment Station of Scientific Observation of Crop Pests,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas/Xinyang Crop Pests Field Scientific Observation and Research Station in Henan Province,Xinyang 464000,China)

机构地区：[1]信阳市农业科学院/农业农村部信阳作物有害生物科学观测实验站/河南省信阳作物有害生物野外科学观测研究站,河南信阳464000

出　　处：《杂草学报》2023年第3期55-60,共6页Journal of Weed Science

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(编号:CARS-22)。

摘　　要：为解决固氮绿肥紫云英种植过程中阔叶杂草防除难题,进行了7种除草剂对稻茬紫云英杂草防除效果及作物安全性评价田间药效试验。结果表明,紫云英返青起身期,采用80%唑嘧磺草胺水分散粒剂(WG) 75 g/hm^(2)、56%2甲4氯钠盐可溶粉剂(SP)2 145 g/hm^(2)、480 g/L灭草松水剂(AS)3 000 mL/hm^(2)进行茎叶喷雾,能有效防除多种阔叶草,且对紫云英安全。30%草除灵悬浮剂(SC)975 mL/hm^(2)对紫云英安全,对繁缕、猪殃殃防效优异;对碎米荠株防效一般,生长抑制作用显著;对野老鹳草基本无效。288 g/L氯氟吡氧乙酸异辛酯乳油(EC)1 050 mL/hm^(2)可有效防除繁缕、猪殃殃、野老鹳草,对碎米荠防效不佳,该处理药后早期对紫云英有一定药害,后期可恢复,不影响紫云英地上部分鲜草产量。250 g/L氟磺胺草醚AS 1 200 mL/hm^(2)、10%乙羧氟草醚EC 900 mL/hm^(2)安全性很差,严禁使用。为实现一次用药就能有效防除多种阔叶杂草,可选取本试验筛选出对紫云英安全的除草剂复配使用。In order to solve the problem of broadleaf weeds control in Astragalus sinicus planting process,field efficacy test of seven herbicides were carried out to evaluate the control effects and crop selectivity.The result showed that flumetsulam 80%WDG at 75 g/hm^(2),MCPA-sodium 56%SP at 2145 g/hm^(2) and bentazone 480 g/L AS at 3000 mL/hm^(2) spraying in seedling and flowering stage could effectively control many kinds of broadleaf weeds,and were very selectivity to A.sinicus at regreening-standing stage.Benazolin-ethyl 30%SC at 975 mL/hm^(2) was selective to crop,had relatively excellent effect on Stellaria media L.and Galium spurium L.,owned ordinary plant control effect on Cardamine hirsuta L.with significant inhibition growth,and possessed scarcely control effect on Geranium carolinianum L..Fluroxypyr-meptyl 288 g/L EC at 1050 mL/hm^(2) could control S.media L.,G.spurium L.and G.carolinianum L.,holded poor control effect on C.hirsuta.It was a little toxic to crop in the early stage but could recover later,and did not affected the fresh yield of A.sinicus.Fomesafen 250 g/L AS at 1200 mL/hm^(2) and fluoroglycofen-ethyl 10%EC at 900 mL/hm^(2) are strictly banned to use due to their quiet poor selectivity.In order to effectively control a variety of broadleaf weeds with one time of application,different herbicides selective to A.sinicus should be applied in combination in this experiment.

关 键 词：紫云英 阔叶草 除草剂 防除效果 安全性 

分 类 号：S451.233[农业科学—植物保护]