不同耕翻深度对土壤养分及水稻产量的影响  

Effects of Different Plowing Depth on Soil Nutrients and Rice Yield

作　　者：徐灿 张敏 陈永伟[1] 杨波 哈蓉 王昊[1] 靳韦 杨宏波[1] 王琦 马文礼[1] XU Can;ZHANG Min;CHEN Yong-wei(Ningxia Land Reclamation Agriculture,Forestry and Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Service Center,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750011)

机构地区：[1]宁夏农垦农林牧技术推广服务中心,宁夏银川750011

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2024年第3期141-144,147,共5页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区农业科技自主创新项目(NGSB-2021-13)。

摘　　要：[目的]了解不同耕翻深度对引黄灌区农田土壤蓄水保墒、养分及作物产量的影响,探寻能充分营造水、肥、气等水稻良好生长环境的合理耕翻深度,以期为引黄灌区水稻合理耕层构建及作物高产栽培提供理论参考。[方法]采用完全随机设计,设置3个耕翻深度处理,分别为耕翻22~25 cm、耕翻30~32 cm、耕翻38~42 cm,研究不同耕翻深度对土壤容重、含水率、土壤养分、水稻产量的影响。[结果]在不同耕翻深度下土壤含水率整体表现在耕翻30~32 cm处理下较高;土壤容重在0~10 cm土层下以耕翻22~25 cm处理较低,在20~40 cm土层下以耕翻30~32、38~42 cm处理较低,且耕翻30~32 cm处理显著低于38~42 cm处理;有机质、有效磷和速效钾含量在0~20 cm土层以耕翻30~32 cm处理较高,在20~40 cm土层以耕翻38~42 cm处理较高;水稻产量耕翻30~32 cm处理显著高于耕翻22~25和38~42 cm处理;通过主成分综合评价得到耕翻30~32 cm处理>耕翻38~42 cm>耕翻22~25 cm。[结论]不同耕翻深度可影响耕层土壤结构及土壤养分,进而影响土壤的蓄水保温效应,促进作物生长和产量提高,在该地土壤条件下耕翻30~32 cm处理对土壤的综合改善效果最佳,水稻产量较高。[Objective]To understand the effects of different tillage depths on soil water storage and moisture conservation,nutrients and crop yield in the Yellow River Diversion Irrigation Area,and explore a reasonable tillage depth that can fully create a good growth environment for rice,such as water,fertilizer and gas,so as to provide a theoretical reference for the reasonable construction of the tilth layer of rice and the cultivation of high yield crops in the Yellow River Diversion Irrigation Area.[Method]The experiment adopted a completely random design and set up three tillage depth treatments,namely 22-25,30-32 and 38-42 cm,to study the effects of different tillage depth on soil bulk density,water content,soil nutrients and rice yield.[Result]The soil moisture content under different tillage depth was higher under 30-32 cm tillage;The soil bulk density was lower in the treatment of 22-25 cm ploughing under 0-10 cm soil layer,lower in the treatment of 30-32 cm ploughing and 38-42 cm ploughing under 20-40 cm soil layer,and the treatment of 30-32 cm ploughing was significantly lower than that of 38-42 cm ploughing.The content of organic matter,available phosphorus and available potassium in 0-20 cm soil layer was higher in 30-32 cm ploughing treatment,and in 20-40 cm soil layer was higher in 38-42 cm ploughing treatment.The rice yield of 30-32 cm tillage was significantly higher than that of 22-25 cm and 38-42 cm tillage;Through the comprehensive evaluation of principal components,it was found that the treatment of 30-32 cm tillage>38-42 cm tillage>22-25 cm tillage.[Conclusion]Different ploughing depths can affect the soil structure and soil nutrients in the tilth layer,thereby affecting the water storage and heat preservation effect of the soil,and promoting crop growth and yield.Under local soil conditions,the 30-32 cm ploughing treatment has the best comprehensive improvement effect on the soil,and the rice yield is high.

关 键 词：耕翻深度 容重 含水率 土壤养分 水稻 产量 

分 类 号：S341.1[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]