车用动力电池不同冷却方式的模拟及实验研究  

Simulation Analysis and Experimental Study of Different Cooling Methods for Automotive Power Batteries

作　　者：瞿晓华 郭照亮 柳奔 张晨思 李万勇 陈江平[2] 施骏业[2,3] Qu Xiaohua;Guo Zhaoliang;Liu Ben;Zhang Chensi;Li Wanyong;Chen Jiangping;Shi Junye(Fuao Zhiyan(Shanghai)Automobile Technology Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai,201100,China;Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics,School of Mechanical and Power Engineering,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai,200240,China;Jiangsu Zhongguancun Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Changzhou,213300,China)

机构地区：[1]富奥智研(上海)汽车科技有限公司,上海201100 [2]上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院制冷与低温工程研究所,上海200240 [3]江苏中关村节能环保研究院有限公司,常州213300

出　　处：《制冷学报》2024年第1期101-109,共9页Journal of Refrigeration

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51975365);国家重点研发计划(2020YFA0711500)资助项目。

摘　　要：本文基于维持动力电池合适工作温度区间的目标和保证电池在各个应用场景下安全高效运行的考量,针对某款标准箱动力电池包设计了冷板和浸没式的冷却系统,进行了结构优化,并对比研究了二者的冷却性能。结果表明:经过结构优化后,采用冷板冷却的电池包,出口压降为30 Pa,电池表面最高温度为31.65℃,电池表面最大温差为6.51℃;采用浸没式冷却的电池包,电池周围采用2 mm绝缘浸没工质包裹,一个标准箱工质充注量为10.93 L,出口压降为22 Pa,电池表面最高温度为28.49℃,电池表面最高温差为2.39℃。对比模拟结果与实验结果发现,各项性能数据偏差在2%以内,仿真模型具备较高的精度。对比冷板和浸没式冷却系统的冷却效果,优化后的浸没冷却系统,冷却效果优于原冷板冷却系统,进口流量从4 L/min降至2 L/min,降低了工质泵耗,同时电池表面最大温差降低了4.12℃,提高了电池表面的温度均匀性。研究表明,相比于冷板冷却,浸没式冷却在降低电池表面平均温度、最高温度与表面温差方面效果更显著。To maintain a suitable working temperature range for power batteries and ensure their safe and efficient operation in various application scenarios,a cold plate and a submerged cooling system were designed for a standard box power-battery pack.The structure was optimized,and the cooling performance of the cold plate and the submerged cooling system was compared and examined.After structure optimization,the outlet pressure drop of the battery pack cooled by the cold plate was 30 Pa,with a maximum surface temperature of the battery at 31.65℃and a maximum surface temperature difference of the battery being 6.51℃.The battery pack with immersion cooling was surrounded by a 2 mm electrical insulating fluid around the battery.The fluid filling capacity of the standard box was 10.93 L.The outlet pressure drop was 22 Pa.The maximum temperature of the battery surface was 28.49℃,and the maximum temperature difference on the battery surface was 2.39℃.Comparing the simulation and test results,the deviation for each data was within 2%,indicating high accuracy in the simulation model.The cooling effect of the optimized immersion cooling system was better than that of the original cold plate cooling system,and the inlet flow rate was reduced from 4 L/min to 2 L/min,which further reduced the pumping power of the working fluid.Furthermore,the maximum temperature difference on the battery surface was reduced by 4.12℃,enhancing temperature uniformity across the battery surface.This study shows that compared with cold plate cooling,immersion cooling has a more obvious effect on reducing the average surface temperature,maximum temperature,and surface temperature difference of a battery.

关 键 词：动力电池 冷却板 浸没冷却 绝缘工质 温度均匀性 

分 类 号：TB611[一般工业技术—制冷工程] U469.72[机械工程—车辆工程]