大顶苦瓜种质资源的遗传多样性分析与指纹图谱构建  

Genetic diversity analysis and fingerprint construction of Dading bitter gourd germplasm resources

作　　者：杨天文 王静 李炯 徐彬其 程蛟文[2] 洪宇 曹毅[1] 崔竣杰 YANG Tianwen;WANG Jing;LI Jiong;XU Binqi;CHENG Jiaowen;HONG Yu;CAO Yi;CUI Junjie(Department of Horticulture,Foshan University,Foshan 528225,Guangdong,China;College of Horticulture,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]佛山科学技术学院园艺系,广东佛山528225 [2]华南农业大学园艺学院,广东广州510642

出　　处：《浙江农业学报》2024年第1期103-114,共12页Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis

基　　金：广东省自然科学基金(2019A1515011939);佛山市植物种质资源工程技术研究中心项目(BKS208024)。

摘　　要：为实现对大顶苦瓜种质的快速精准鉴定,以包含主栽品种在内的26份大顶苦瓜种质为材料,通过筛选高多态性简单重复序列(simple sequence repeat,SSR)核心标记,对其进行聚类分析和指纹图谱构建。结果表明:在苦瓜基因组6种SSR基序单元类型中,二核苷酸SSR标记的多态性最好,适用于进一步从中筛选苦瓜SSR核心标记。在遗传相似系数0.80处,40个SSR标记将26份大顶苦瓜种质分为3个类群,第一类群包含18份种质,果形以短圆锥形为主;第二类群包含5份种质,果形以长圆锥形为主;第三类群包含3份种质,其果形与大顶苦瓜相似,但含有非大顶苦瓜种质背景。利用MC05_69594、MC04_50530、MC06_87314和MC10_146038这4个SSR核心标记可对26份大顶苦瓜种质进行有效鉴定,并为每份大顶苦瓜种质建立独特的QR编码指纹图谱,其中,1号大顶和3号大顶疑为相似材料。构建的大顶苦瓜指纹图谱可以为大顶苦瓜种质鉴定与育种利用提供科学依据。To achieve rapid and accurate identification of the germplasm resources of the Dading bitter gourd,26 Dading bitter gourd germplasm resources including the main cultivars were selected as materials,cluster analysis and fingerprint construction were carried out by screening the high polymorphism simple sequence repeat(SSR) core markers.The results showed that among the 6 SSR motif unit types in the bitter gourd genome,the polymorphism of dinucleotide SSR markers was the best,which was suitable for further screening of SSR core markers.At the genetic similarity coefficient of 0.80,40 SSR markers clustered the 26 Dading bitter gourd germplasm resources into 3 main groups.The first group contained 18 germplasm resources,and the fruit shape was mainly short conical.The second group contained 5 germplasm resources,and the fruit shape was mainly long conical.The third group contained 3 germplasm resources,consisting of materials with fruits similar to those of Dading bitter gourds but containing non-Dading bitter gourd germplasm backgrounds.The 4 SSR core markers,MC05_69594,MC04_50530,MC06_87314 and MC10_146038,were used to effectively identify 26 Dading bitter gourd germplasm resources,and a unique QR code fingerprint was established for each Dading bitter gourd germplasm,among which No.1 and No.3 were suspected to be similar materials.Taken together,the fingerprint of Dading bitter gourd could provide a scientific basis for the germplasm identification and breeding utilization for Dading bitter gourd.

关 键 词：大顶苦瓜 简单重复序列标记 遗传多样性 种质鉴定 指纹图谱 

分 类 号：S642.5[农业科学—蔬菜学]