基于ISSR标记的航天香蕉新材料的遗传特异性  

Genetic Specificity of New Material of Erospace Banana Based on ISSR Marker

作　　者：王金英 李华盛 鹿金颖 蔡长福 蔡邦平[1] WANG Jinying;LI Huasheng;LU Jinying;CAI Changfu;CAI Bangping(Xiamen Botanical Garden,Xiamen,Fujian 361003,China;Shenzhou Space Biotechnology Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100190,China)

机构地区：[1]厦门市园林植物园,福建厦门361003 [2]航天神舟生物科技集团有限公司,北京100190

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2024年第1期60-67,共8页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：厦门市社会科技指导项目(No.3502Z20199001)。

摘　　要：随着航天事业的发展,将传统的育种技术与航天诱变技术相结合实现育种目标的方法已经得到育种专家的广泛认可。福建香蕉产业受到病害、寒害和风害的威胁,以及外来或进口香蕉的冲击,种植规模正面临着萎缩的处境,使香蕉新品种的选育成为香蕉产业研究亟需解决的重要课题。本研究前期以巴西蕉为母本,在航天空间诱变的基础上,经过连续栽培、筛选和观察,选育出生物学和形态学特征差异明显的2份材料。为鉴定自主选育的以上2份航天香蕉材料的遗传特异性,本研究采用ISSR分子标记技术,从30条引物中筛选出2条多态性好的引物,对2份航天香蕉种质和18份现有香蕉种质进行分析。结果表明:筛选的2条引物共扩增出17条清晰的DNA条带,其中多态性条带13条,占总条带数的76.47%,在DNA分子水平上显示出较高的多态位点和丰富的遗传多样性。凝胶电泳结果显示,结合ISSR引物UBC881和UBC847,2份航天香蕉材料均存在特异性扩增条带,可区别于其他18份香蕉种质。聚类分析结果显示,20份香蕉种质材料间的遗传相似性系数介于0.545~1.000之间,平均值为0.905;在遗传相似性系数为0.960时,所选育的2份航天香蕉材料之间,2份航天香蕉材料与母本之间,以及2份航天香蕉材料与其他17份香蕉种质之间均有明显的遗传差异。本研究结果为航天香蕉新品种的选育和鉴定提供依据。With the development of the aerospace industry,the method of combining traditional breeding technology with aerospace mutagenesis technology to achieve breeding goals has been widely recognized by breeding experts.The problems faced by the scale of the banana industry in Fujian make the breeding of new banana varieties an important issue.In the early stage of this study,Brazil banana was used as the female parent.On the basis of space mutation,through continuous cultivation,screening and observation,two materials with obvious differences in biological and morphological characteristics were selected.In order to identify the genetic specificity of the two independently bred aerospace banana materials,the ISSR molecular marker technology was used in this study to screen out two primers with good polymorphism from 30 primers to analyze the two aerospace banana materials and 18 existing banana varie-ties.A total of 17 clear DNA bands were amplified by the two primers screened,of which 13 were polymorphic bands,accounting for 76.47%of the total bands,showing a high polymorphism at the DNA molecular level of banana materials.Electrophoresis showed that,combined with ISSR primers UBC881 and UBC847,the two aerospace banana materials had specific amplification bands,which could be distinguished from the other 18 banana varieties.Cluster analysis re-sults showed that the genetic similarity coefficients between the 20 banana germplasm materials ranged from 0.545 to 1.000,with an average of 0.905;when the genetic similarity coefficient was 0.960,there were obvious genetic differ-ences between the two bred aerospace banana materials,and the two bred aerospace banana materials with the female parent,and with other 17 banana germplasms.The results of this study would provide a strong basis for the breeding and identification of new varieties of aerospace bananas.

关 键 词：航天育种 香蕉 ISSR 遗传特异性 

分 类 号：S668.1[农业科学—果树学]