海南岛典型水稻土施硅肥对水稻产量与品质的影响  

Effects of Silicon Fertilizer Application on Rice Yield and Quality in Typical Paddy Soils of Hainan Island

作　　者：吕烈武 郭玉莲 龙笛笛 吴治澎[2] LYU Liewu;GUO Yulian;LONG Didi;WU Zhipeng(Soil and Fertilizer Institute of Hainan,Haikou,Hainan 571500,China;College of Tropical Crops,Hainan University,Haikou,Hainan 570228,China)

机构地区：[1]海南省土壤肥料总站,海南海口571500 [2]海南大学热带作物学院,海南海口570228

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2024年第1期87-96,共10页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.41807326);海南省自然科学基金项目(No.322MS017)。

摘　　要：针对海南岛典型水稻土有效硅含量严重不足的现状,合理制定硅肥施用量成为当务之急。以海南岛5种典型成土母质(玄武岩、海相沉积物、河流冲积物、砂页岩、花岗岩)发育水稻土为研究对象,开展水稻硅肥肥效的田间小区试验;分析不同硅肥处理下水稻产量、品质及其相关的生理生化与农艺学指标。结果表明:对于玄武岩和花岗岩发育的水稻土,相较于空白对照,T_(2)与T_(3)施硅肥量均显著提高水稻产量及其相关的水稻茎蘖数、分蘖数、有效穗数、结实率、千粒重、根系活力、叶绿素、粗纤维素含量等指标水平,且稻米的精米率、垩白度、直链淀粉含量等品质特征也达到较好水平;综合推荐玄武岩水稻土最佳施硅肥量为750~950 kg/hm^(2)(有效态SiO_(2)为187~238 kg/hm^(2)),花岗岩水稻土合理施硅肥量为625~935 kg/hm^(2)(有效态SiO_(2)为156~234 kg/hm^(2))。对于海相沉积物、河流冲积物和砂页岩发育的水稻土,相较于空白对照,T_(2)与T_(3)施硅肥量均明显增加水稻分蘖数及根系活力、叶绿素、粗纤维素含量等指标;水稻产量在T_(2)施硅肥量时最高且品质也达到较好,继续提高施硅肥量(T_(3))水稻产量及其相关农艺学指标提高不明显,甚至个别指标出现下降趋势;综合推荐海相沉积物和河流冲积物水稻土施硅肥量为560 kg/hm^(2)(有效态SiO_(2)均为140 kg/hm^(2))为宜,砂页岩水稻土施硅肥量为750 kg/hm^(2)(有效态SiO_(2)为187 kg/hm^(2))为宜。因此,本研究揭示了海南岛典型水稻土施硅肥效应,为制定海南水稻土施硅肥标准以及水稻高效施硅技术的示范与推广提供科学基础。Considering that the serious shortage of available silicon content in typical paddy soil of Hainan Island,it is urgent to make reasonable application of silicon fertilizer.In this study,paddy soils developed from five typical parent materials(basalt,marine sediments,fluvial alluvium,sand shale,and granite)in Hainan Island were selected to investigate the effect of silicon fertilizer application on rice in a field plot experiment.Rice yield,quality and the related physiological,biochemical and agronomic indicators under different silicon fertilizer treatments were analyzed.Results showed that compared with the blank control,the silicon fertilizer application in both T_(2)and T_(3)treatments significantly increased the rice yield and its related indicators such as the number of stem tillers and effective heads,seed rates,1000-grain weight,root activity,chlorophyll and crude cellulose content relative to the control.Rice quality such as milled rice,chalkiness and amylose content also reached a good level.It is generally recommended that the optimal amounts of Si fertilizer application are 750-950 kg/hm^(2)(available SiO_(2):187-238 kg/hm^(2))for basalt-developed paddy soil and 625-935 kg/hm^(2)(available SiO_(2):156-234 kg/hm^(2))for granite-developed paddy soil,respectively.Meanwhile,compared with the control,the amount of silicon fertilizer application in T_(2)and T_(3)treatments significantly increased the number of tillers,root activity,chlorophyll and crude cellulose content in paddy soil developed from marine sediments,river alluvial and sand shale.Rice yield reached the highest and rice quality reached a good level in T_(2)treatment,but rice yield and its related agronomic indicators did not increase significantly with the increasing of silicon fertilizer application(T_(3)),and even some indicators exhibited a downward trend.It is recommended that the optimal amounts of Si fertilizer application are 560 kg/hm^(2)(140 kg/hm^(2)of available SiO_(2))for paddy soil developed from marine sediments and river alluvi

关 键 词：海南岛 典型水稻土 硅肥施用量 水稻产量 水稻品质 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]