2009-2021年夏季长江口海域浮游生物群落结构时空分布特征及其影响因素研究  

Spatiotemporal Distribution of Plankton Community Structure in the Yangtze River Estuary in the Summer of 2009-2021 and Its Influencing Factors

作　　者：李立群 王艳[2] 王彪[3] 卢士强[3] 雷坤[2] 何柄震 程全国[1] LI Liqun;WANG Yan;WANG Biao;LU Shiqiang;LEI Kun;HE Bingzhen;CHENG Quanguo(College of Environment,Shenyang University,Shenyang 110044,China;Basin Research Center for Water Pollution Control,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences,Shanghai 200233,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳大学环境学院,辽宁沈阳110044 [2]中国环境科学研究院流域水环境污染综合治理研究中心,北京100012 [3]上海市环境科学研究院,上海200233

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2024年第2期233-245,共13页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(No.2021YFC3101700)。

摘　　要：为了探究夏季长江口海域浮游生物群落结构特征及其影响因素,根据2009-2021年夏季长江口海域大中型浮游生物及水质监测数据,通过盐度5‰和25‰等值线将长江口海域划分为口门区(盐度<5‰)、河口区(盐度5‰~25‰)和海水区(盐度>25‰),通过优势度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数、Pielou均匀度指数以及排序分析法,分区分析浮游生物群落结构时空分布特征及其影响因素.结果表明:①时间上,浮游植物物种数量和细胞数量呈上升趋势,群落结构以硅藻为主,甲藻占比近年来有所升高.浮游动物物种数量、密度和生物量整体呈下降趋势,群落组成以桡足类动物为主.空间上,浮游植物和浮游动物物种数量呈现出由口门区向海水区递增的趋势,与盐度分布较为一致.②浮游动物多样性水平整体优于浮游植物,二者生物多样性空间分布较为一致.其中,海水区浮游生物多样性和丰富度均较高,结构复杂;口门区浮游生物种类少,但均匀度较高;河口区浮游生物种类较多但分布不均匀.③冗余分析结果表明,水温、盐度、光照、营养盐是影响浮游生物生长的主要因素.除环境要素外,生物间的捕食作用对群落特征变化也具有重要影响.研究显示,夏季长江口海域浮游生物群落结构时空分布特征较为明显,口门区及部分河口区陆源输入带来了丰富的氮磷营养盐,加之河口区咸淡水混合,促进了浮游生物的生长,海水区受黑潮影响,盐度高,营养盐含量丰富,黑潮携带大量浮游生物进入海域,提高了浮游生物丰富度和多样性.In order to investigate the characteristics of plankton community structure and its influencing factors in the waters of the Yangtze River Estuary during summer time.Based on the water quality and biological monitoring data of the Yangtze River Estuary in the summer of 2009-2021,the dominance index,Shannon-Wiener diversity index,Margalef richness index,Pielou evenness index,and the redundancy analysis were used to analyze the characteristics and influence factors of plankton community structure by partition.The results showed that:(1)The number and density of phytoplankton showed an upward trend.The community structure was dominated by Bacillariophyta,and the proportion of Dinophyta increased in recent years.The number,density and biomass of zooplankton showed an overall downward trend,and the community composition was dominated by Copepods.The number of phytoplankton and zooplankton species showed an increasing trend of from the nearshore to the offshore.(2)The diversity of zooplankton was better than that of phytoplankton,and the spatial distribution of the two biodiversity was more consistent.The diversity and richness of plankton in the area with salinity>25‰were both relatively high,while the area with salinity<5‰had fewer species,but they were evenly distributed.There were more zooplankton species in the salinity rang of 5‰to 25‰,the distribution was uneven.(3)The redundancy analysis results showed that water temperature,salinity,light,and nutrients were the main factors affecting the plankton.In addition,predation among organisms also had an important effect.The study shows that the spatial and temporal distribution of plankton community structure in the Yangtze River Estuary in summer is more obvious.In the entrance area and some estuary areas,the input of land sources brought abundant nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients,and the mixing of salty and fresh water in the estuary area promoted the growth of plankton.The seawater area was affected by the Kuroshio tide,which had high salinity and rich nutr

关 键 词：长江口海域 浮游生物 群落结构 时空分布 影响因素 

分 类 号：X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程]