鄱阳湖水沙与氮磷输移过程及滞留效应研究  

Study on Transport Processes and Retention Effects of Water,Suspended Sediment,Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Poyang Lake

作　　者：葛士林 黄国鲜 任倩慧 王志超[3] 许新发[3] 徐晨辉 徐力刚[4] GE Shilin;HUANG Guoxian;REN Qianhui;WANG Zhichao;XU Xinfa;XU Chenhui;XU Ligang(School of Water Resources and Electric Power,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;Institute of Water Ecology and Environment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Water Sciences,Nanchang 330029,China;Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学水利电力学院,青海西宁810016 [2]中国环境科学研究院水生态环境研究所,北京100012 [3]江西省水利科学研究院,江西南昌330029 [4]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,江苏南京210008

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2024年第2期346-358,共13页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：江西省科技厅重大科技项目(No.20213AAG012);长江生态环境保护修复联合研究项目(No.2019-LHYJ-0102);江西省水利科技重点项目(No.202224ZDKT13)。

摘　　要：为了开展鄱阳湖水沙、氮磷输移过程及滞留变化的研究,收集了鄱阳湖“五河”七口水文站1958-2021年的径流量和悬沙浓度数据、1965-2020年鄱阳湖湖口入江水道地形数据、2003-2021年水质监测数据以及1973-2018年湖区围垦遥感解译等数据,采用统计、对比、双累计曲线及质量守恒法等方法,分析了鄱阳湖“五河”入湖沙量变化趋势、鄱阳湖入江水道地形变化以及鄱阳湖TN、TP滞留变化过程.结果表明:①从20世纪90年代起“五河”入湖总沙量呈显著下降趋势.②鄱阳湖出口河段河床于2000-2010年期间在深度10.0~12.0m中滩河床发生了强烈下切和横向展宽,2010-2020年下切显著减缓,中滩河床还存在横向展宽的可能.③出入湖TN、TP通量与出入湖泥沙通量成正比.④鄱阳湖2003-2021年逐年TN、TP滞留率显著降低.研究显示:鄱阳湖“五河”流域各大中型梯级水库的建设使得鄱阳湖湖区多年来沙量显著降低,鄱阳湖流域水土保持及闸坝体系在2000年后水土流失韧性增强;但湖区采砂挖沙和航道整治等使得鄱阳湖出口河段河床显著下切;采砂挖沙活动导致鄱阳湖湖盆沉积物受到扰动,使得沉积物中的氮磷被释放出来,增加了出湖TN、TP通量,在一定程度上降低了鄱阳湖TN、TP滞留率.Poyang Lake has a significant regulating and storage effect on water flow,sediment,nitrogen,and phosphorus,etc.from the Yangtze River and‘Five Rivers’.However,due to the storage of upstream reservoirs,lake bed deformation and the continuous adjustment of rivers and lake systems,the input concentrations and loads of sediment and key nutrients and related the retention in Poyang Lake have changed significantly,and the mechanisms and processes of their change and key driving stresses need to determined.In order to calculate the transport process and retention changes of water and sediment,nitrogen and phosphorus in Poyang Lake,series of data were collected,including runoff and suspended sediment concentration data at seven hydrological stations of the‘Five Rivers’around Poyang Lake from 1958 to 2021,topographic data at typical cross sections in the Poyang Lake inlet channel from 1965 to 2020,water quality monitoring data from 2003 to 2021,and remote sensing interpretation of lake reclamation zone from 1973 to 2018.Statistical,comparative,double cumulative curve and mass balance methods were used to analyze the trend of sediment inflow from the‘Five Rivers’,the bed deformation of the Poyang Lake inflow channel,and the changes in TN and TP retention rate in the lake area.The results show that the sediment inflow from‘Five Rivers’to the lake shows a significant decreasing trend.From 2000 to 2010,the outlet riverbed of Poyang Lake experienced strong vertical deepening and lateral widening at the medium beach with an elevation of 10.0-12.0 m.From 2010 to 2020,the vertical deepening slowed down significantly and a certain degree of lateral widening occurred below the riverbed in the medium beach.The loads of TN and TP input and output of the lake are directly proportional to the load of sediment.From 2003 to 2021,the yearly retention rate of TN and TP in Poyang Lake decreased significantly.Analysis shows that the operation of various large and medium-size cascade reservoirs in the‘Five Rivers’Basin sig

关 键 词：长江流域 鄱阳湖 水沙过程 湖盆演变 滞留效应 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]