地下水环境监测网建设现状与展望  

Current Situation and Prospects of Groundwater Ecological Environment Monitoring Network Construction

作　　者：李海祥 郇环 周爱霞 杨洋 胡尊芳 宋宗中 LI Haixiang;HUAN Huan;ZHOU Aixia;YANG Yang;HU Zunfang;SONG Zongzhong(Technical Centre for Soil,Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Beijing 100012,China)

机构地区：[1]生态环境部土壤与农业农村生态环境监管技术中心,北京100012

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2024年第2期371-378,共8页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(No.2022YFC3700904)。

摘　　要：地下水环境监测是地下水污染防治的重要环节,我国地下水环境监测网建设基础较为薄弱.对比欧美发达国家地下水监测网建设和运行模式,分析国家地下水监测工程、“十四五”国家地下水质量考核点位、国家级化工园区和北京市地下水环境监测网的建设情况,归纳出监测网在区域背景值点位布设,在线监测设备研发,以及监管平台建设、数据共享和应用服务等方面存在的问题.基于监测网建设现状,依托新兴技术在水质监测领域的应用,总结其发展趋势集中于在线监测设备换代升级、监测点位物联互通、多样数据解析可视、信息传输安全保真四个方面.最后结合我国监测井建设现状与管理模式提出以下发展建议:①整合现有点位,衔接国家地下水监测工程和“十四五”地下水考核点位,统筹构建国家级、省级地下水环境监测网络体系.②加快新一代水质在线监测设备研发,降低故障率,提高监测精度;探索基于地球物理探测、卫星遥感解译、无人机航测和埋设传感器等技术的新型监测方式.③国家级地下水环境监测网与地表水监测网、大气污染监测网、土壤监测网等进行多网融合.这为我国地下水环境监测网建设奠定了基础.Groundwater environmental monitoring is an important part of groundwater pollution prevention and control.The foundation of the groundwater environmental monitoring network in China is relatively weak.This study compared the construction and operation models of groundwater monitoring networks in Europe and the United States,analyzed the construction of national groundwater monitoring projects,the‘14th Five-Year Plan’national groundwater quality assessment point,the national chemical park and Beijing groundwater environment monitoring network,and summarized the monitoring network regional background value point placement,the development of online monitoring equipment,the construction of supervision platforms,data sharing,and application services.Based on the current status of the construction of the monitoring network and relying on the application of emerging technologies in the field of water quality monitoring,we summarized its development trends and focused on four aspects:online monitoring equipment replacement upgrades,monitoring points of Internet of Things,diverse data analysis visual,and information transmission security guarantee.Finally,the following development suggestions are made in conjunction with the current status and management model of monitoring wells in my country:(1)Integrate the existing points,connect the national groundwater monitoring project and the‘14th Five-Year Plan’test site,and coordinate the establishment of the national and provincial groundwater environment monitoring network system;(2)Accelerate the research and development of a new generation of online water quality monitoring equipment,reduce the failure rate,improve the monitoring accuracy;to explore new monitoring methods based on geophysical detection,satellite remote sensing interpretation,unmanned aerial surveys and buried sensors and other technologies;(3)National environmental monitoring network of groundwater and surface water monitoring network,air pollution monitoring network,soil monitoring network,etc.for

关 键 词：地下水环境监测网 地下水污染防治 地下水环境监管平台 国家地下水监测工程 

分 类 号：X84[环境科学与工程—环境工程]