永磁轮毂电机技术发展综述  

Review on Development of Permanent Magnet In-Wheel Motors

作　　者：关涛[1] 刘大猛[1] 何永勇[1] Guan Tao;Liu Dameng;He Yongyong(State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment,Department of Mechanical Engineering Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084 China)

机构地区：[1]高端装备界面科学与技术全国重点实验室(清华大学机械工程系),北京100084

出　　处：《电工技术学报》2024年第2期378-396,共19页Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52075284)。

摘　　要：电传动技术是车辆实现全电化的重要基础,电驱动系统是电动车辆的动力核心,而轮毂电驱系统是电驱动系统的终极驱动形式,轮毂电机的性能在轮毂电驱系统中具有决定性作用。首先,该文介绍了轮毂电驱系统的结构形式,对不同磁场类型的轮毂电机的优缺点进行了分析;其次,调研了目前市场主流轮毂电机产品的性能参数,为轮毂电机的研发提供参考目标;然后,针对轮毂电机高功率/转矩密度、宽转速运行范围、高运行效率和高可靠性等需求,分别调研了径向磁场、轴向磁场和横向磁场等不同类型的永磁轮毂电机的研究现状;最后,展望了不同磁场类型的永磁轮毂电机的发展方向。Due to the advantages of small size,high power density,and high efficiency,the permanent magnet(PMSM)motor can be widely applied in electrical vehicles,new energy power generation,flywheel energy storage,machine tool equipment,and aerospace.This paper compares the characteristics and performance indicators of in-wheel motor products from domestic and international manufacturers.Then,the basic structure,characteristics,technology,and materials of the PMSM are dissected.Different schemes and structures are explored,with an emphasis on high efficiency,power density,reliability,and wide speed regulation.Finally,the common scientific problems of the PMSM motor are summarized,and the technical paths to improve the efficiency and power density are explored,providing a reference for future research and application of in-wheel motors.Two primary integration forms for in-wheel motor drive systems,namely deceleration drive and direct drive,are discussed.The emergence of compact planetary reducers is highlighted,particularly for deceleration-driven hub motor systems,presenting great competitive advantages,especially in heavy-duty vehicle applications.In the 21st century,in-wheel motor technology has been widely developed,with Foreign technologies leading the way,particularly in Europe.The main research and development enterprises are Schaeffler,Protean,Elaphe,NTN,TM4,and Michelin.The products of Schaeffler are all inner rotor structures.The products of Protean are outer rotor direct drive structures.Domestic technology is also continuously developing.Representatives are THIM Tianhai,Edes,Tate,and Shanghai Electric Drive.Shanghai Electric Drive and Shanghai University jointly developed an in-wheel motor with the same overall power density as the Protean's products.According to the direction of the motor’s magnetic field,a permanent magnet in-wheel motor can be divided into a radial flux motor,axial flux motor,and transverse flux motor.Radial flux motors remain mainstream in the market due to their low cost and mature techno

关 键 词：动力系统 电动汽车 轮毂电机系统 轮毂电机 

分 类 号：TM351[电气工程—电机]