玉米茎秆和根系的协同抗倒性分析  

Collaborative lodging resistance analysis of maize stalk and root system

作　　者：张桂萍 MUKTI Marasini 李薇薇 张凤路[1] ZHANG Guiping;MUKTI Marasini;LI Weiwei;ZHANG Fenglu(College of Agronomy,Agricultural University of Hebei,Baoding 071001,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学农学院,河北保定071001

出　　处：《河北农业大学学报》2024年第1期9-18,共10页Journal of Hebei Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300300)。

摘　　要：为了系统分析玉米茎秆和根系的协同抗倒性,试验选用6个抗倒性不同的玉米品种为研究对象,设置了6.0、7.5和9.0×104株/hm^(2)3个种植密度,以田间茎秆的拉倒力和拉倒角度为抗倒性评价指标,与基部第三节间和根系的形态特征和物质积累量进行相关性分析,同时将基部节间性状与根系性状进行通径分析。结果表明:节间长、粗、单位长度鲜重、干重和各组分含量、根幅、支持根粗、根条数、根粗和根干重均与抗倒性评价指标显著正相关,其中节间粗(拉倒力:r=0.561^(**),拉倒角度:r=0.521^(**))、单位长度鲜重(拉倒力:r=0.520^(**))和干重(拉倒角度:r=0.562^(**))的相关性最大。节间粗和单位长度物质积累量与根干重和支持根粗等根系性状显著正相关,协同作用于植株的抗倒性。当种植密度增大,节间粗、单位长度物质积累量、结构根深、支持根粗、总根条数、根粗和根干重显著减小或减少,导致植株的拉倒力和角度显著减小,倒伏率显著增大。‘粒收1’‘创玉107’‘MC278’和‘京农科728’的节间粗(1.76、1.72、1.71和1.70 cm)、单位长度鲜重(2.9、2.7、2.4和2.5 g/cm)、干重(0.45、0.40、0.35和0.45 g/cm)以及其他与抗倒性相关的节间和根系性状较大,进而有较大的拉倒力(18.1、17.1、14.7和13.0 N)和拉倒角度(63.3°、56.7°、50.3°和49.6°);增密后拉倒力、拉倒角度以及与抗倒性相关的节间和根系性状变幅较小,故抗倒性和耐密性较强。本研究为保障玉米的高产稳产和提高机械化水平提供一定的理论依据。In order to systematically analyze the synergistic lodging resistance of maize stems and roots,six maize cultivars with different lodging resistance were selected as the research materials with a planting density of 60000,75000,and 90000 plants/hm^(2).The stalk pull lodging force(PLF)and angle(PLA)as the lodging resistance evaluation indicators were correlatively analyzed with the morphological characteristics and material accumulation per unit length of the basal third internode and root traits.Simultaneously,a path analysis of basal internode and root traits was conducted.The results showed that the length,diameter,fresh and dry weight per unit length,content of each component per unit length of internode,root plate spread,brace root diameter,total root number,root diameter,and root dry weight were significantly correlated with the evaluation indicators of lodging resistance,among which the diameter(PLF:r=0.561^(**),PLA:r=0.521^(**)),fresh weight per unit length(PLF:r=0.520^(**))and dry weight per unit length(PLA:r=0.562^(**))of internode displayed the greatest correlation.Root traits such as root dry weight and brace root diameter were positively correlated with the diameter and mass accumulation per unit length of basal internode,which synergistically influence lodging resistance of plants.When the planting density increased,the diameter and material accumulation per unit length of internode,structural root depth,brace root diameter,total root number,root diameter and root dry weight significantly decreased,resulting in a significant decrease in the stalk pull lodging force and angle and in lodging rate.The diameter(1.76,1.72,1.71 and 1.70 cm),fresh weight per unit length(2.9,2.7,2.4 and 2.5 g/cm),dry weight per unit length(0.45,0.40,0.35 and 0.45 g/cm)of internode and other traits of internode and root related to lodging resistance were higher of‘Lishou1’,‘Chuangyu 107’,‘MC278’and‘Jingnongke 728’,which was consistent with their larger PLF(18.1,17.1,14.7 and 13.0 N)and PLA(63.3°,56.7°,50.3°

关 键 词：玉米 茎秆 根系 拉倒力 拉倒角度 协同抗倒性 

分 类 号：S513.034[农业科学—作物学]