论仲裁协议对代位权行使的影响——兼评《合同编通则解释》第36条  

On the Impact of Arbitration Agreements on the Exercise of Subrogation Rights——Comment on Article 36 of the Judicial Interpretation of the General Principles of Contract Compilation of the Civil Code

作　　者：王利明[1,2] Wang Liming

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学民商事法律研究中心 [2]中国人民大学法学院,北京100872

出　　处：《广东社会科学》2024年第1期221-229,287,共10页Social Sciences in Guangdong

基　　金：中国人民大学重大课题“民法典新规则研究”(项目号21XNLG01)的研究成果。

摘　　要：由于代位权的行使涉及债权人、债务人和债务人的相对人三方主体,因此在两方主体间存在仲裁协议时,该协议是否应当约束第三方,在实践中经常发生争议,为统一裁判规则,《合同编通则解释》第36条就仲裁协议对代位权的影响作出了规定,该条并没有承认代位仲裁协议当然对债权人产生拘束力,从而维护了仲裁中合同相对性规则的适用,该条也明确了即使存在仲裁协议,债权人也可以通过诉讼程序行使代位权,但债权人行使代位权时要受仲裁协议的影响。依据这些规定,债务人的相对人在一审辩论终结前已申请仲裁的,应中止代位权诉讼。这些规定有效衔接了代位权与仲裁协议的关系,体现了对当事人私法自治的尊重,而且也解决了司法实践中长期以来存在的争议。Due to the exercise of subrogation rights involving three parties:the creditor,the debtor,and the counterparty of the debtor,there is often a dispute in practice as to whether an arbitration agreement should bind a third party when there is an arbitration agreement between the two parties.In order to unify the rules of arbitration,Article 36 of the Judicial Interpretation of the General Principles of Contract stipu⁃lates the impact of arbitration agreements on subrogation rights.This provision does not recognize that a subrogation arbitration agreement cannot naturally bind creditors,thus maintaining the application of the relativity rule of contracts in arbitration.It also clarifies that even if there is an arbitration agreement,cred⁃itors can exercise their subrogation rights through litigation procedures,but when exercising their subroga⁃tion rights,creditors must be bound by the arbitration agreement.According to this provision,if the debtor’s counterparty has applied for arbitration before the end of the first instance debate,the subrogation law⁃suit should be suspended.This provision effectively connects the relationship between subrogation rights and arbitration agreements,reflects respect for the autonomy of the parties in private law,and also resolves long-standing disputes in judicial practice.

关 键 词：合同编通则 司法解释 仲裁协议 代位权 合同相对性规则 私法自治 

分 类 号：D923.6[政治法律—民商法学]