外泌体提取及提高外泌体产量研究进展  

Research progress on extraction and yield improvement of exosomes

作　　者：杨艾 鲁卫东 YANG Ai;LU Wei-dong

机构地区：[1]昆明医科大学药学院暨云南省天然药物药理重点实验室,云南650500

出　　处：《中国医药生物技术》2024年第1期57-61,共5页Chinese Medicinal Biotechnology

摘　　要：外泌体是由细胞分泌的一种细胞外囊泡亚型的生物聚合物,参与一系列生理和病理反应,临床应用前景极具潜力。外泌体来源广泛,几乎所有细胞均可分泌。但由于外泌体体积小、密度低,目前暂无公认的方法能够同时实现外泌体快速、高效、高纯度、无损伤的提取,导致产量低下,限制了临床应用,因此高效获得外泌体,提高外泌体产量对推动外泌体的临床应用尤为重要。具有脂质双分子层的脂质体利用其与外泌体结构相似的特性,能够在一定程度上提高外泌体的产量,故本文针对外泌体形成过程的各个阶段,对提高外泌体产量的方法进行综述。Exosomes are biopolymers of extracellular vesicle subtypes secreted by a wide range of cells.They come from a wide range of sources,and almost all cells can secrete exosomes.The exosomes could participate in a series of physiological and pathological reactions,leading to great potential for clinical application.However,there is no recognized method that could simultaneously achieve rapid,efficient,high-purity and non-invasive extraction of exosomes due to their small size and low density,resulting in low yield and limiting clinical application.Therefore,it is particularly important to obtain exosomes efficiently and improve the yield of exosomes in order to promote the clinical application of exosomes.Liposomes with the lipid bilayer could improve the yield of exosomes to a certain extent by taking advantage of their structural similarity with exosomes.This paper reviews the methods to improve the yield of exosomes at various stages of the exosome formation process.

关 键 词：外泌体 产量 脂质体 分泌机制 

分 类 号：Q813.11[生物学—生物工程]