不同种植模式对稻田土壤剖面构型及团聚体稳定性的影响  

Effects of different planting patterns on profile configuration of the soil and aggregate stability in paddy fields

作　　者：李丹妮 王天舒 王丽[2,3] 黄山 马秀玲[4] 尧水红 LI Dan-ni;WANG Tian-shu;WANG Li;HUANG Shan;MA Xiu-ling;YAO Shui-hong(Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology,Ecology and Genetic Breeding,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang Jiangxi 330045;State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China,Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081;The Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081;Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Wenshang County,Wenshang Shandong 272500)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学/作物生理生态与遗传育种教育部重点实验室,江西南昌330045 [2]北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室,中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081 [3]中国农业科学院研究生院,北京100081 [4]汶上县农业农村局,山东汶上272500

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2023年第11期1-8,共8页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300900)。

摘　　要：土壤结构是评价耕地质量的重要指标之一,探明双季稻改制后不同种植模式对土壤结构尤其是对土壤剖面构型及团聚体稳定性的影响,对长江中下游典型稻区耕地质量保育具有重要的理论支撑意义。研究依托华中农业大学试验基地双季稻改制长期定位试验,选取4种种植模式(双季稻、再生稻、稻油轮作和稻麦轮作)的土壤作为研究对象,对比分析不同种植模式下土壤剖面构型和水稳性团聚体组成的差异。结果表明,(1)与双季稻相比,稻油轮作和稻麦轮作的耕作层厚度分别增加7.25%和4.15%,而再生稻模式耕作层显著变化36.27%(P<0.05),犁底层发生上移;(2)4种种植模式的土壤团聚体颗粒组成和团聚体稳定性均在耕作层和犁底层间存在显著差异(P<0.05);(3)双季稻改水旱轮作后(稻油轮作和稻麦轮作),耕作层中游离氧化铁含量分别降低8.5%和26.5%(P<0.05),从而显著降低了土壤团聚体稳定性;再生稻模式因耕作次数减少,其耕作层土壤团聚体稳定性显著提高。综上所述,双季稻改制后的两种水旱轮作模式能使土壤保持良好的剖面构型,而再生稻模式虽然能提高耕作层土壤的团聚体稳定性,但因其一种两收的种植特点导致耕作层显著薄化,犁底层上移,因此,不提倡在同一地块多年种植再生稻。Good profile configuration of the soil is an important indicator of cultivated land quality.The influence of different cropping models on soil structure after double-cropping rice transformation is of great significance to provide theoretical support for the planting model of typical rice areas in the middle and lower reaches of Changjiang River.Based on the long-term located experiment of paddy field in the experimental base of Huazhong Agricultural University,selected the soil under four planting patterns,namely double-cropping rice,ratooning rice,rice-rapeseed rotation and rice-wheat rotation as the research object,and compared and analyzed the differences in profile configuration of the soil and water-stable aggregate composition under four different planting patterns.The results indicated that:(1)Compared with double-cropping rice,the tillage layer thickness of rice-oilseed rape rotation and rice-wheat rotation increased by 7.25%and 4.15%,while the tillage layer of ratooning rice model was significantly thinned by 36.27%(P<0.05),and the plow pan was moved upward;(2)The composition of soil aggregate particle and aggregate stability of the four planting patterns were significantly different between the tillage layer and the plow pan(P<0.05);(3)After the double-cropping rice was changed to paddy-upland rotations,the free iron oxide content of rice-oilseed rape rotation and rice-wheat rotation was significantly reduced by 8.5%and 26.5%in the tillage layer(P<0.05),respectively,thus affecting the stability of aggregates.With the reduction of tillage times of ratooning rice model,the stability of soil aggregates was significantly improved(P<0.05).To sum up,the two paddy-upland rotations models after the reform of double-cropping rice system can maintain a good profile configuration of the soil.Although the ratooning rice model can significantly improve the stability of soil aggregates,due to its planting characteristics of two-harvest,the tillage layer is significantly thinned.Therefore,in order to maintain a good

关 键 词：稻田种植模式 土壤剖面构型 团聚体稳定性 水旱轮作 再生稻 

分 类 号：S152[农业科学—土壤学]