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作 者:张春媛 樊华[1] 郑陆万 马文杰 赵永红 杨明凤 王开勇[1] 董心久[4] ZHANG Chun-yuan;FAN Hua;ZHENG Lu-wan;MA Wen-jie;ZHAO Yong-hong;YANG Ming-feng;WANG Kai-yong;DONG Xin-jiu(Agricultural College of Shihezi University,Shihezi Xinjiang 832003;Xinjiang Hongfeng Agricultural Technology Co.,Ltd.,Kashi Xinjiang 844800;Xinjiang Ulan Wusu Agricultural Meteorological Experiment Station,Ulan Wusu Xinjiang 841314;Economic Crop Research Institute of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi Xinjiang 830091)
机构地区:[1]石河子大学农学院,新疆石河子832003 [2]新疆宏丰农业科技有限公司,新疆喀什844800 [3]新疆乌兰乌苏农业气象试验站,新疆乌兰乌苏841314 [4]新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830091
出 处:《中国土壤与肥料》2023年第11期74-83,共10页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China
基 金:甜菜种植生产关键技术(KH0484);国家糖料产业技术体系甜菜水分管理与节水栽培科学家岗位(CARS-170202)。
摘 要:甜菜是我国及世界主要糖料作物之一,但钾肥的不合理利用严重制约了甜菜生产。以不同甜菜品种为研究对象,探究施用不同钾肥类型及不同钾肥用量对土壤钾素迁移、甜菜块根产量、产糖量及钾肥利用率的影响,以期确定适宜甜菜的钾肥类型及施用量。试验设置2个甜菜品种(KWS9899、KWS7748)、2种钾肥类型(氯化钾和硫酸钾)、4个钾肥施用量(以K_(2)O计0、105、210、315 kg/hm^(2))。结果表明:(1)在距离滴灌带水平10、20 cm处,两种甜菜均以施用钾肥(K_(2)O)315 kg/hm^(2)时土壤的速效钾迁移量最大,并且氯化钾肥的速效钾迁移量大于硫酸钾肥。同时,两种肥料类型下土壤中的速效钾均在20~40 cm土层中积累。(2)钾肥会提高甜菜块根产量和产糖量,以施用硫酸钾肥(K_(2)O 210 kg/hm^(2))的产量与产糖量最高,且两种甜菜钾肥利用效率均随氯化钾肥和硫酸钾肥施用量的增加而下降。综上,施用钾肥可以增加耕层土壤速效钾和全钾含量,进而提高了甜菜块根产量和产糖量,增加了钾肥农学利用率。硫酸钾肥(K_(2)O 210 kg/hm^(2))对甜菜的块根产量和产糖量增加效果最佳。Sugar beet was one of the main sugar crops in China and the world,but the unreasonable use of potassium fertilizer had seriously restricted the production of sugar beet.This study took different sugar beet varieties as the research object,to explore the effects of different types and different amounts of potassium fertilizer on soil potassium transport,sugar beet root yield,sugar yield and potassium fertilizer utilization rate,in order to determine the appropriate type and application amount for sugar beets.Two sugar beet varieties(KWS9899 and KWS7748),two types of potassium fertilizer(potassium chloride and potassium sulfate),and four amounts of potassium fertilizer(K_(2)O 0,105,210,315 kg/hm^(2))were set up in the experiment.The results showed that:(1)At 10 and 20 cm from the level of drip irrigation belt,the maximum amount of available potassium in the soil was obtained when 315 kg/hm^(2) potassium fertilizer K_(2)O was applied to both sugar beets,and the amount of available potassium in potassium chloride fertilizer treatment was greater than that in potassium sulfate fertilizer treatment.At the same time,the available potassium in the soil under the two fertilizer types was accumulated in the 20-40 cm soil layer.(2)Potassium fertilizer increased the sugar beet root yield and sugar yield,with the highest yield and sugar yield when applying potassium sulfate with K_(2)O 210 kg/hm^(2),and the utilization efficiency of potassium chloride fertilizer and potassium sulfate fertilizer decreased with the increase of the application amount.To sum up,the application of potassium fertilizer could increase the content of available potassium and total potassium in the topsoil,thereby improving the sugar beet root yield and sugar yield,and increasing the agricultural utilization rate of potassium fertilizer.Potassium sulfate fertilizer(K_(2)O 210 kg/hm^(2))had the best effect on increasing root yield and sugar yield of sugar beet.
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