有机土壤调理剂对酸化柑橘园土壤改良及提质增效研究  

Effects of organic soil conditioner on acidified citrus orchard and ensure steady and high-quality

作　　者：张丽君 李栋[1,2] 赵敬坤 唐晓东[4] 陈大超 康福蓉 王昱桁 王洁 石孝均 张跃强[1,5,6] ZHANG Li-jun;LI Dong;ZHAO Jing-kun;TANG Xiao-dong;CHEN Da-chao;KANG Fu-rong;WANG Yu-heng;WANG Jie;SHI Xiao-jun;ZHANG Yue-qiang(College of Resources and Environment,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715;Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin,Southwest University,Chongqing 400716;Chongqing Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Chongqing 401122;Agricultural Technology Research and Service Center of Changshou District in Chongqing,Chongqing 401220;National Monitoring Station of Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Efficiency on Purple Soils,Chongqing 400716;State Cultivation Base of Eco-agriculture for Southwest Mountainous Land,Southwest University,Chongqing 400716)

机构地区：[1]西南大学资源环境学院,重庆400715 [2]西南大学长江经济带农业绿色发展研究中心,重庆400716 [3]重庆市农业技术推广总站,重庆401122 [4]重庆市长寿区农业技术科研服务中心,重庆401220 [5]国家紫色土肥力与肥料效益监测站,重庆400716 [6]西南大学西南山地生态农业国培基地,重庆400716

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2023年第11期173-179,共7页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32172676);重庆市技术创新与应用发展专项(cstc2021jscx-tpyzxX0007);重庆市农业技术推广总站化肥定额施用配套技术集成示范重点项目。

摘　　要：酸性土壤广泛存在于我国柑橘主产区,往往伴随土壤结构差、肥力低、供肥弱等障碍,是限制我国柑橘产区减肥增效、增产提质和绿色发展的重要因素之一。与传统土壤调理剂相比,施用有机来源的土壤调理剂有望协同实现土壤降酸培肥,促进树体养分吸收,增加柑橘产量和提高果实品质,但不同调理剂的效果可能存在差异。因此,通过连续两年的田间试验,评估了有机肥(T1)、生物炭(T2)、贝壳粉(T3)、复合调理剂(有机肥+生物炭+贝壳粉,T4)共4种有机来源土壤调理剂对酸性柑橘园土壤理化性质、营养春梢养分含量、果实产量与品质的影响。结果表明,与不施用土壤调理剂(对照,CK)相比,连续两年施用酸性土壤调理剂处理(T1~T4)的土壤pH平均增加0.44个单位,土壤酸度显著降低;同时,T1~T4处理的土壤紧实度显著降低,而土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、交换性钙和交换性镁含量显著增加。施用调理剂处理提高了叶片SPAD值和叶片氮、磷、钾含量,其中施用复合调理剂处理最为显著。与CK相比,施用土壤改良剂处理(T1~T4)两年平均增产幅度为8.8%~16.7%,施用复合调理剂处理的经济效益最佳。与CK相比,施用土壤改良剂(T1~T4)果实固形物增加了0.85~2.45个单位,同时显著增加了单果重、固酸比和糖酸比,果实综合品质显著提升。综合而言,复合调理剂处理在土壤酸化改良、地力提升,促进柑橘树体养分吸收,增产提质增效等方面的效果最为突出,可为我国酸性土壤柑橘园改良提供理论依据和技术支撑。Acidic soils are widespread in main citrus producing areas of China.Acidification,together with other soil obstacles such as poor soil structure,low soil fertility,is increasingly becoming an important limiting factor to reduce fertilizer input,increase citrus yield and quality,and to realize green development in main citrus producing areas in China.Compared with traditional soil conditioners,organic-derived soil conditioners are expected to reduce soil acidity,enhance soil fertility,promote nutrient uptake by trees,increase citrus yield and improve fruit quality,simultaneously.However,the effectiveness of different organic soil conditioners(OSC)may be varied.Therefore,two-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of organic fertilizer(T1),biochar(T2),shell powder(T3)and compound conditioner(organic fertilizer+biochar+shell powder,T4)on soil physicochemical properties,leaf nutrient content of non-fruit spring flush,fruit yield and quality in acidified citrus orchard.The results showed that compared with the treatment without OSC(CK),soil pH was increased by an average of 0.44,and the soil acidity was significantly decreased in treatments with OSC(T1-T4)after two-year application.At the same time,the contents of soil alkaline nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,exchangeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium were also significantly increased,while soil compactness was significantly decreased in T1-T4 treatment.The SPAD value and nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium content in leaves were increased by OSC application,with the best performance by compound conditioner treatment(T4).Compared with the control,the citrus yield was increased by 8.8%-16.7%with OSC treatments(T1-T4),and the economic benefit of the compound conditioner treatment(T4)was the highest.Compared with CK,soil conditioners treatments(T1-T4)significantly increased fruit total soluble solids 0.85-2.45,single fruit weight,ratio of total soluble solids/titratable acid,ratio of total soluble sugars/titratable acid,and thus i

关 键 词：土壤调理剂 酸性土壤 培肥 柑橘 果实品质 

分 类 号：S666[农业科学—果树学] S156.2[农业科学—园艺学]