青藏高原隆升对中国疆域自然环境的影响:破解“胡焕庸线”的思考  

Influence of the Uplift of Tibetan Plateau on China's Human Geography Environment:Hu Line and Its Responding

作　　者：滕吉文[1,2,3] 董庆 孟德利 马浩 刘少华 TENG Ji-wen;DONG Qing;MENG De-li;MA Hao;LIU Shao-hua(Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;College of Geoexploration Science and Technology,Jilin University,Changchun 130026,China;International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals,Beijing 100094,China;Aerospace Information Research institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100094,China;Laboratory of Target Microwave Properties,Deqing Academy of Satellite Applications,Huzhou 313200,China;State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather,Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;The Administrative Center for China's Agenda 21,Beijing 100036,China;Chinese Society of Technology Economics,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,北京100029 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]吉林大学地球探测科学与技术学院,长春180026 [4]可持续发展大数据国际研究中心,北京100094 [5]中国科学院空天信息创新研究院,北京100094 [6]浙江省微波目标特性测量与遥感重点实验室,中科卫星应用德清研究院,湖州313200 [7]中国气象科学研究院灾害天气国家重点实验室,北京100081 [8]中国21世纪议程管理中心,北京100036 [9]中国技术经济学会,北京100081

出　　处：《科学技术与工程》2024年第1期1-33,共33页Science Technology and Engineering

摘　　要：中国疆域广大,人口、土地、耕地和发展程度很不均衡。1935年,知名学者胡焕庸据此提出了著名的“胡焕庸线”。利用这条北东-南西走向直线,将中国大陆划分为东西两个部分。该线的东、西两侧差异悬殊。究其缘由,制约因素多元,而近地表的自然环境和地球内部物质与能量的交换起着重要作用。研究与探索表明:印度次大陆与欧亚大陆两陆-陆板块的碰撞-挤压驱使高原南缘喜马拉雅造山带的突起是根本原因。喜马拉雅造山带的突起阻隔了印度洋南来温湿气流的北进,并形成了西风带,造成了中国西北地域的干旱和荒漠化。在力系作用下,壳、幔物质重新分异、调整,地壳短缩增厚、高原整体抬升不仅导致东、西两部降水量、气温、人口、耕地与生态环境的显著改变,且地球物理场发生了强烈变异与分布不均。西部发展的关键在于水,水进则人进,人进则文化进,文化进则科技进,科技进则发展快,西部人民生活与生存环境不断优化,社会则更安宁。东部不断强化开辟与利用地下空间,西部期盼“红旗河”西部调水工程实施,维护生态环境,兴建亿亩现代化耕地、牧场与绿洲。中国东部与西部共同发展与建设十分重要,饭碗要永远端在自己手中。China has a vast territory,and its population,land,arable land,and level of development are very uneven.The famous Hu Huanyong Line(Hu Line)has been found by well-known Geographer Hu Huanyong in 1935.The Chinese Mainland is divided into eastern and western parts by Hu Line,which reveals the significant spatial relationship between human activity and natural environment.There is a significant difference between the eastern and western sides of Hu Line.The reasons for this difference are multifaceted,and the natural environment near the surface and the exchange of material and energy within the earth play an important role.Research and exploration have shown that the collision and compression of the Indian subcontinent and Eurasian continental plates driving the uplift of the Himalayan orogenic belt on the southern edge of the plateau is the fundamental reason.The protrusion of the Himalayan orogenic belt obstructs the northward movement of the warm and humid climate from the south of the Indian Ocean,and influences the westerly belt,causing drought and desertification in the northwest region of China.Under the influence of force systems,the crustal and mantle materials undergo re-differentiation and adjustment,resulting in crustal shortening and thickening,and overall plateau uplift.This not only leads to significant changes in precipitation,temperature,population,arable land,and ecological environment in the eastern and western regions,but also leads to strong variations and uneven distribution of geophysical fields.The key to the development of the western region lies in water.If water enters,people will enter,culture will enter,technology will enter,and technology will develop rapidly.The living and living environment of the people in the western region is constantly optimized,and society will be more peaceful.The eastern region is continuously strengthening the development and utilization of underground space,while the western region is looking forward to the implementation of the Hongqi River Project,maintain

关 键 词：“胡焕庸线” 喜马拉雅造山带突起 地壳短缩增厚与高原抬升 生态环境 “红旗河”西部调水工程 

分 类 号：P631[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]