纺织精炼酶对蚕丝脱胶工艺条件优化及性能影响  

Effects of textile refining enzymes on the process conditions and performance of silk degumming

作　　者：马忻狄 黄元元 全军 梁红娴 刘云鹤 蓝平 蓝丽红[1,2,3] MA Xindi;HUANG Yuanyuan;QUAN Jun;LIANG Hongxian;LIU Yunhe;LAN Ping;LAN Lihong(School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Guangxi Minzu University,Nanning 530006,China;Guangxi Key Laboratory of Polysaccharide Materials and Modification,Guangxi Minzu University,Nanning 530006,China;Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of New Chemical and Biological Transformation Process Technology,Guangxi Minzu University,Nanning 530006,China;Laibin Science and Technology Development Center,Laibin 546100,China)

机构地区：[1]广西民族大学化学化工学院,南宁530006 [2]广西民族大学广西多糖材料与改性重点实验室,南宁530006 [3]广西民族大学广西高校化学与生物转化过程新技术重点实验室,南宁530006 [4]来宾市科技开发中心,广西来宾546100

出　　处：《丝绸》2024年第2期44-50,共7页Journal of Silk

基　　金：广西壮族自治区区级大学生创新训练项目(202010608087)。

摘　　要：为提高蚕茧脱胶率和蚕丝性能,实现绿色环保的蚕茧脱胶工艺,可对蚕茧进行酶法脱胶。文章采用碱性蛋白酶(NP-TEE)和纺织精炼酶(AP-TRE)对蚕茧进行脱胶处理,以脱胶率、单纤维拉伸断裂强力及白度作为考察蚕丝性能的指标,并通过正交试验确定蚕茧酶脱胶法的最佳工艺。试验结果表明:两种酶脱胶工艺对蚕茧脱胶效果均有影响,用纺织精炼酶法脱胶后的蚕丝性能与碱性蛋白酶法脱胶相比更好。纺织精炼酶对蚕茧的最佳脱胶工艺条件为酶解温度55℃、酶解时间60 min、酶体积浓度5 mL L,得到蚕茧脱胶率17.07%,单根蚕丝纤维平均断裂强力12.20 cN dtex,白度(66.04)高于原蚕茧(58.78);红外光谱表明,采用纺织精炼酶法脱胶后的蚕茧与原蚕茧结构无明显差异;扫描电镜下观察到与原蚕丝相比,纺织精炼酶脱胶后蚕丝表面更加光滑平整;热重分析显示,纺织精炼酶脱胶后蚕丝的热稳定性无明显变化。Silk,as a natural protein fiber,has a soft touch and bright color.The main body of silk fibers is fibroin,with a proportion of from 70%to 80%,and the outer layer is wrapped with sericin with a proportion of from 20%to 30%,which plays a protective role for the fibroin.Nevertheless,an excessive presence of sericin will affect the luster and softness of the silk,which is detrimental to the processing and production of silk products.Therefore,it is essential to perform degumming treatment on the silkworm cocoons.Traditional methods for degumming silk primarily include alkaline degumming,soap degumming,and acid degumming.However,these degumming methods commonly result in issues such as a rough texture,poor mechanical properties,susceptibility to yellowing,and the presence of residual chemical substances with irritating odors in the silk after degumming.In recent years,a new type of silkworm cocoon degumming method—enzyme degumming,has been widely applied in the field of silk degumming due to its advantages such as environmental friendliness,non-toxicity,mild reaction conditions,high catalytic efficiency,easy degradation,and strong specificity.The use of enzyme preparations for the degumming of silkworm cocoons primarily relies on the biological characteristics of enzymes.Silk proteins undergo hydrolysis by proteolytic enzymes,causing the cleavage of peptide bonds and the formation of bioactive peptides.Therefore,biological enzyme preparations(proteases)have been increasingly used to replace other chemical refining agents in the refining and processing of silk.This represents a promising and prospective research area.In this paper,alkaline protease(NP-TEE)and textile refining enzyme(AP-TRE)were used to degum silkworm cocoons.The degumming rate,single-fiber tensile breaking strength,and whiteness were used as the indexes to examine silk properties.An orthogonal test was conducted to determine the optimal process for the enzymatic degumming of cocoons.The experimental results show that the two enzyme degumming processe

关 键 词：蚕茧 蚕丝 纺织精炼酶 碱性蛋白酶 脱胶 

分 类 号：TS143.2[轻工技术与工程—纺织材料与纺织品设计] S886.7[轻工技术与工程—纺织科学与工程]