铁木织机再研究  

Restudy of the ironwood loom

作　　者：梁文倩 王燕[1] 杨小明[1] LIANG Wenqian;WANG Yan;YANG Xiaoming(College of Humanities,Donghua University,Shanghai 201620,China)

机构地区：[1]东华大学人文学院,上海201620

出　　处：《丝绸》2024年第2期131-140,共10页Journal of Silk

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究项目(21YJA760032);湖北省教育厅哲学社会科学研究一般项目(20Y075)。

摘　　要：铁木织机是在中国晚清时期振兴实业背景下发展而来的特殊产物,无论从时间跨度还是技术转变角度来说都是中国近代纺织发展史中重要的一环。对铁木织机进行研究,一方面可以直观地再现中国近代手工纺织向动力纺织的转变过程,另一方面通过对其传播过程的考证,对学界现有的部分观点进行考辨与问疑,从而对中国农村手工业的发展具有更准确的认知。本文通过文献研究与实地考察发现:(1)铁木织机通过精巧的机械结构将开口、投梭、打纬、卷布、放经五个工序互联,提高了工作效率与布匹质量,缓解了当时洋纱、洋布对市场的垄断,更为中国纺织的机械化发展迈出坚实的一步;(2)铁木织机的发展脉络为19世纪英国将铁木织机传入日本,1887年日本掌握其制作技术,后于1903年由中国考察团将其从日本带回中国天津。铁木织机在政府、企业家等多方面的共同努力下仅用数十年的时间便在高阳、潍县等地得到快速发展,为中国近代纺织行业重心的散点式分布埋下伏笔。The ironwood loom,also known as the iron machine,iron wheel machine,iron wheel loom,foot-treadle iron wheel machine,large machine,etc.,is composed of iron and wood.It is a transitional apparatus in the evolution of Chinese manual weaving machines to power-driven weaving machines.It is a special product developed under the background of industrial revitalization in the late Qing Dynasty in China.The ironwood loom is a significant part in the modern history of textile development in China both from the angle of time span and technical transformation.Through the study of the ironwood loom,on the one hand,we can intuitively visually trace the transition process from traditional manual weaving to power-driven weaving in modern China,master its working principle,and sort out the technical evolution route from the shuttle loom,foot-treadle shuttle,ironwood loom,ironwood jacquard loom to Toyota’s second generation power loom.On the other hand,by researching its origin,we can explore the policy suggestions put forward by the government,enterprises and individuals,and have a full picture of the development of China’s rural handicraft industry.This approach allows for a reconstruction of the entire process of establishing textile centers like Gaoyang and Weixian,as well as the implementation of the machine distribution system.Through literature researching and field surveying,this paper drew three major conclusions.First,from the aspect of the working principle of the ironwood loom,the advantage of the ironwood loom lies in its intricate mechanical structure that interconnects the five processes of shedding,picking,beating-up,rolling-up,and warp releasing.This integration enhanced both work efficiency and fabric quality.Simultaneously,it addressed the monopoly situation in the market by foreign yarns and fabrics at that time.It marked a solid step forward in the automation development of Chinese textile machinery.Second,in terms of the origin,the ironwood loom was invented in Japan in 1887 and brought back to Tianjin,Ch

关 键 词：铁木织机 置产兴业 天津 近代纺织 纺织业 

分 类 号：TS103.1[轻工技术与工程—纺织工程] K875.1[轻工技术与工程—纺织科学与工程]