广州市汽车制造企业物流作业工人工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患分析  

Analysis of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among automobile manufacturing logistics workers in Guangzhou

作　　者：陈培仙 杨燕 彭志恒 王忠旭[2] 贾宁[2] 王致[1] Chen Peixian;Yang Yan;Peng Zhiheng;Wang Zhongxu;Jia Ning;Wang Zhi(Key Laboratory of Occupational Environment and Health,Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital of Guangzhou,Guangzhou 510620,China;Department of Occupational Protection and Ergonomics,National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050,China)

机构地区：[1]广州市第十二人民医院职业环境与健康重点实验室,广州510620 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所职业防护与工效学研究室,北京100050

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2023年第12期906-912,共7页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：中国疾控中心职业卫生所职业健康风险评估与国家职业卫生标准制定(131031109000160004);广州市科学技术局重点研发计划项目(202206010061);广州市医学重点学科建设项目(2021-2023年);广州市卫生健康科技重大项目(2021A031003);广州市卫生健康科技项目(20221A010036)。

摘　　要：目的了解广州市汽车制造企业物流作业工人工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs)的发生情况,探讨其潜在类别及其影响因素,为汽车制造企业物流作业工人WMSDs防控提供依据。方法于2020年4~5月,采用方便抽样方法,选择广州市2家汽车制造企业1442名物流作业工人为研究对象,采用《北欧肌肉骨骼疾患问卷》调查WMSDs患病情况,运用潜类别分析方法对研究对象WMSDs患病模式进行分析,用χ^(2)检验及多元logistic回归模型分析各类别人群的患病影响因素。结果WMSDs总患病率为42.9%(619/1442),WMSDs患病率较高的3个部位分别为颈部(23.5%,339/1442)、肩部(21.3%,307/1442)、下背部(19.1%,275/1442)。69.0%(427/619)的患病人群表现为两个或两个以上部位同时患病。经潜类别分析将研究对象分为4个潜类别:全身多部位共患组(4.51%)、极低或无患病组(70.39%)、肩颈-上背共患组(11.37%)、四肢-下背共患组(13.73%)。多元logistic回归显示,与"极低或无患病组"比较,汽车制造物流作业工人全身多部位共患WMSDs的危险因素主要包括:工作姿势不舒服(OR=3.10,95%CI:1.44~6.70,P=0.004)、经常弯腰同时转身(OR=2.36,95%CI:1.05~5.29,P=0.037)、长时间屈膝作业(OR=2.29,95%CI:1.17~4.47,P=0.015)。工作姿势不舒服(OR=2.26,95%CI:1.51~3.38,P<0.001)、颈部弯曲(OR=1.68,95%CI:1.03~2.74,P=0.036)、颈部长时间保持同一姿势(OR=1.81,95%CI:1.22~2.67,P=0.003)是肩颈-上背WMSDs共患的危险因素;工龄>10年(OR=2.16,95%CI:1.24~3.78,P<0.001)、工作姿势不舒服(OR=2.38,95%CI:1.63~3.48,P<0.001)、颈部弯曲(OR=1.66,95%CI:1.03~2.68,P=0.039)是四肢-下背WMSDs共患的危险因素。结论汽车制造企业物流作业工人WMSDs患病率高,具有明显的分类共患特征,且与休息时间是否充足、劳动者作业姿势等个体特征密切关系。Objective To investigate the occurrence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs)in logistics workers of automobile manufacturing enterprises in Guangzhou,and explore their potential categories and influencing factors,so as to provide basis for the prevention and control of WMSDs in logistics workers of automobile manufacturing enterprises.Methods From April to May 2020,a convenient sampling method was adopted to select 1442 logistics workers in 2 automobile manufacturing enterprises in Guangzhou as the research objects.The incidence of WMSDs among them was investigated by using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire,and the incidence pattern of WMSDs among the subjects was analyzed by the method of potential category analysis.Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression model were used to analyze the influencing factors of the disease.Results The total prevalence of WMSDs was 42.9%(619/1442).The three parts with high prevalence of WMSDs were neck(23.5%,339/1442),shoulder(21.3%,307/1442)and lower back(19.1%,275/1442).69.0%(427/619)of the patients showed simultaneous disease in two or more sites.The subjects were divided into four latent groups by the analysis of latent categories:the group with multiple body parts(4.51%),the group with very low or no disease(70.39%),the group with shoulder and neck and upper back(11.37%),and the group with limbs and lower back(13.73%).Multivariate logistic regression showed that compared with the"very low or no disease group",the risk factors of multiple body parts of automotive logistics workers suffering from WMSDs mainly included:Working posture uncomfortable(OR=3.10,95%CI:1.44~6.70,P=0.004),often bend and turn(OR=2.36,95%CI:1.05~5.29,P=0.037),bend your knees homework for a long time(OR=2.29,95%CI:1.17~4.47,P=0.015);Working posture uncomfortable(OR=2.26,95%CI:1.51~3.38,P<0.001),bending the neck(OR=1.68,95%CI:1.03~2.74,P=0.036),neck minister time keep the same position(OR=1.81,95%CI:1.22~2.67,P=0.003)It is a risk factor for shoulder,neck and upper back WM

关 键 词：肌肉骨骼疾患 影响因素 潜类别分析 工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患 汽车制造企业 物流作业工人 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]