某市三甲综合医院工作人员血源性职业暴露监测分析  

Blood Borne Characteristics of Staff in a Tertiary Comprehensive Hospital in a Certain City Occupational Exposure Monitoring Analysis

作　　者：陈春媚[1] 黎君园 罗家栋 杨君华[1] 冯天梅 CHEN Chunmei;LI Junyuan;LUO Jiadong;YANG Junhua;FENG Tianmei(Department of Hospital Infection Management,Red Cross Hospital of Yulin City,Yulin Guangxi 537000,China)

机构地区：[1]玉林市红十字会医院医院感染管理科,广西玉林537000

出　　处：《中国卫生标准管理》2024年第1期12-15,共4页China Health Standard Management

摘　　要：目的进一步了解玉林市红十字会医院的医院血源性职业状况与特点,重点分析乙型肝炎、艾滋病职业暴露情况,进一步了解玉林市红十字会医院医院血源性职业状况与特点,为制定有效的职业暴露防护措施提供参考。方法基于2018年1月—2022年12月某市三甲综合医院院感科登记的医院工作人员血源性职业暴露资料,对发生职业暴露人群的职业分布、暴露发生场所、暴露方式、暴露环节、职业暴露病原体分布、预防用药情况分别进行统计分析。结果共上报职业暴露403例,职业暴露发生人群以护士占首位,202例,占50.12%;发生职业暴露较多的场所为内科病房168例,占41.69%;发生职业暴露较多的方式是针刺伤320例,占79.40%;发生职业暴露较多的环节是拔针158例,占39.21%;暴露源是乙型肝炎病毒的94例,20例未产生有效血清保护性抗体,接种乙肝疫苗并注射乙肝免疫球蛋白,占21.28%;暴露源是获得性免疫缺陷综合征(acquired immune deficiency syndrome,AIDS)的22例,经艾滋病职业暴露事故处理小组评估,有12例启用基础预防用药。结论医院要结合自身实际情况,规范操作流程,加强医务人员职业安全培训,建立完善的职业防护措施体系,才能有效地降低职业暴露风险。Objective To further understand the status and characteristics of blood borne occupations in Red Cross Hospital of Yulin City,focus on the analysis of occupational exposure to hepatitis B and acquired immune deficiencysyndrome(AIDS),and further understand the status and characteristics of blood borne occupations in Red Cross Hospital of Yulin City,so as to provide reference for formulating effective occupational exposure protection measures.Methods Based on blood borne occupational exposure data of hospital staff registered in the department of nosocomial infection of a tertiary comprehensive hospital in a certain city from January 2018 to December 2022.Statistical analysis was conducted on the occupational distribution,exposure location,exposure mode,exposure process,occupational exposure pathogen distribution,and preventive medication situation of the occupational exposure population.Results A total of 403 cases of occupational exposure were reported,with nurses being the first group to experience occupational exposure,with 202 cases accounting for 50.12%.A total of 168 cases of occupational exposure occurred in internal medicine wards,accounting for 41.69%.A total of 320 cases(79.40%)of needle injuries were the most common way of occupational exposure.158 cases,accounting for 39.21%,experienced frequent occupational exposure during needle extraction.Among 94 cases whose exposure source was hepatitis B virus,20 cases did not produce effective serum protective antibody.They were vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine and injected with hepatitis B immunoglobulin,accounting for 21.28%.The source of exposure was HIV in 22 cases.According to the assessment of AIDS occupational exposure accident handling team,12 cases used basic preventive drugs.Conclusion Hospitals should combine their own actual situation,standardize operating procedures,strengthen occupational safety training for medical personnel,and establish a sound system of occupational protection measures in order to effectively reduce occupational exposure ris

关 键 词：职业暴露 血源性 医务人员 针刺伤 个人防护 监测 

分 类 号：R183[医药卫生—流行病学]