无偿献血者ABO血型初定错误回顾性调查研究  

A Retrospective Study on ABO Blood Group Misdetermination of Unpaid Blood Donors

作　　者：古金龙 孙艳 陈凯 张晓娜 孔波 GU Jinlong;SUN Yan;CHEN Kai;ZHANG Xiaona;KONG Bo(General Services Branch,Rizhao Central Blood Bank,Rizhao Shandong 276826,China)

机构地区：[1]日照市中心血站总务科,山东日照276826

出　　处：《中国卫生标准管理》2024年第1期172-175,共4页China Health Standard Management

摘　　要：目的分析采血前无偿献血者血型初定错误的原因,找出策略,降低初定血型错误的发生。方法对日照市中心血站2020—2022年82756份无偿献血者初定、复核ABO血型资料进行回顾性分析研究。结果2020—2022年合计采血82756份,初定血型错误的102份,占0.123%,2020年、2021年和2022年各年血型错误率分别为0.195%、0.134%、0.051%。初定血型错误的102份中,AB型误判为A型的占12.75%;B型、A型误判为O型的分别占8.82%、4.90%;A型误判为B型的占9.80%;B型误判为A型的占11.77%;O型误判为B型、A型、AB型的分别占7.84%、4.90%、3.92%;B型误判为AB型的占11.77%;A型误判为AB型的占8.82%;AB型误判为B和O型的分别占10.78%、3.92%。造成初定血型错误的原因,76.47%属于人为错误,其他属于检测试剂质量、标本存在不规则抗体和血型亚型等原因造成的错误。结论日照市2020—2022年无偿献血者采血前初检血型错误率较高,人为出错是导致血型误判的最主要原因。Objective To analyze the causes of blood group errors of unpaid blood donors before blood collection,and to find out strategies to reduce the occurrence of blood group errors.Methods A retrospective study was conducted to determine and review ABO blood group data of 82756 blood samples donated without compensation from Rizhao Central Blood Bank from 2020 to 2022.Results From 2020 to 2022,a total of 82756 blood samples were collected,of which 102(0.123%)were wrong in initial blood type determination.The error rates in 2020,2021 and 2022 were 0.195%,0.134% and 0.051%respectively.Of the 102 cases misdiagnosed,12.75% misdiagnosed AB type A;8.82% misdiagnosed B,4.90%misdiagnosed a type O;9.80% misdiagnosed a type B,11.77% misdiagnosed B type A;type O was misdiagnosed as type B,type A and type AB 7.84%,4.90% and 3.92%respectively;type B was misdiagnosed as type AB 11.77%;type A was misdiagnosed as type AB 8.82%;type AB was misdiagnosed as type B and type O 10.78%,3.92% respectively.76.47% of the initial blood type errors were human errors,the others were caused by the quality of reagent,environment temperature and blood type.Conclusion In Rizhao,the error rate of blood type test before blood sample collection is high from 2020 to 2022,and human error is the main cause of blood type misjudgment.

关 键 词：无偿献血者 ABO血型 初定血型 血型错误 原因 对策 

分 类 号：R457[医药卫生—治疗学]