粤东地区2019~2022年儿童呼吸道感染病原学分析  

Pathogenic analysis of respiratory tract infections in children in eastern Guangdong from 2019 to 2022

作　　者：黄林家 陈良凤 王宪耀[1] 赵奕怀[1] 林明祥[1] 蔡锐涛 HUANG Lin-jia;CHEN Liang-feng;WANG Xian-yao(Department of Pediatrics,Shantou Central Hospital,Shantou 515031,China)

机构地区：[1]汕头市中心医院儿科,515031 [2]汕头市中心医院内镜中心,515031 [3]汕头市中心医院中医内科,515031

出　　处：《中国现代药物应用》2024年第2期149-153,共5页Chinese Journal of Modern Drug Application

摘　　要：目的分析粤东地区2019~2022年儿童呼吸道感染病原学分布情况,为临床诊疗提供参考依据。方法收集2019年5月~2022年10月期间咽拭子标本(来源均为急性呼吸道感染至汕头市中心医院就诊患儿)3052份,提取病原体核酸,应用逆转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)、多重聚合酶链式反应(PCR)技术进行扩增后,进行15种(型)常见呼吸道病原体的筛查,将其分为单纯DNA病毒组、单纯RNA病毒组、单纯细菌组、单纯肺炎支原体组、混合DNA和RNA病毒组、混合病毒和细菌组、混合肺炎支原体和病毒或细菌组。分析儿童呼吸道感染病原学检测结果、各组的性别构成情况,比较各年龄段儿童呼吸道病原体检测阳性情况、月份分布情况。结果呼吸道感染患儿的咽拭子标本3052份,其中阳性2714份,阴性338份,呼吸道感染阳性患儿的性别比例、年龄分布、疾病类型、月份分布和就诊时体温与呼吸道感染阴性患儿有统计学差异(P<0.05)。2714例呼吸道感染阳性患儿中,检出率最高的为巨细胞病毒759例,检出率为28.0%。2714例呼吸道感染患儿中,男性1643例(60.5%),女性1071例(39.5%)。同一病原体的男性发病率明显高于女性。单纯肺炎支原体感染发病率随年龄增长逐渐增加;单纯DNA病毒、单纯RNA病毒、单纯细菌、混合DNA和RNA病毒、混合病毒和细菌发病率随年龄增长逐渐降低。单纯DNA病毒组、单纯RNA病毒组、单纯肺炎支原体组、混合DNA和RNA病毒组、混合肺炎支原体和病毒或细菌组7~9月发病率最高,分别为45.3%、40.7%、46.9%、43.9%、47.4%,单纯细菌组、混合病毒和细菌组4~6月发病率最高,分别为29.3%、29.3%。结论粤东地区儿童急性呼吸道感染以巨细胞病毒为主;发病率男性均比女性高;单纯肺炎支原体感染发病率随年龄增长逐渐增加,单纯DNA病毒、单纯RNA病毒、单纯细菌、混合DNA和RNA病毒、混合病毒和细菌发病率随年龄增长�Objective To analyze the pathogenic distribution of respiratory tract infections in children in eastern Guangdong from 2019 to 2022,and provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods 3052 pharyngeal swab samples(all from children with acute respiratory infections who were treated at Shantou Central Hospital)were collected from May 2019 to October 2022.Pathogen nucleic acid was extracted and amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and multiple polymerase chain reaction(PCR)techniques.15 common respiratory pathogens were screened and divided into simple DNA virus group,simple RNA virus group,simple bacteria group,simple Mycoplasma pneumoniae group,mixed DNA and RNA virus group,mixed virus and bacteria group,mixed Mycoplasma pneumoniae and virus or bacteria group.The results of etiological detection of respiratory tract infection in children and the gender composition of each group were analyzed,and the positive detection of respiratory tract pathogens in children of different ages and the monthly distribution were compared.Results 3052 throat swab specimens were collected from children with respiratory tract infections,of which 2714 were positive and 338 were negative.There were statistically significant differences in the gender ratio,age distribution,disease type,monthly distribution,and body temperature between children with positive respiratory infections and those with negative respiratory infections(P<0.05).Among 2714 children with respiratory tract infection,759 cases had the highest detection rate of cytomegalovirus,with a detection rate of 28.0%.Among 2714 children with respiratory tract infection,there were 1643 males(60.5%)and 1071 females(39.5%).The incidence rate of the same pathogen in males was significantly higher than that in females.The incidence rate of simple Mycoplasma pneumonia infection gradually increased with age.The incidence rate of simple DNA virus,simple RNA virus,simple bacteria,mixed DNA and RNA virus,mixed virus and bacteria gradually decre

关 键 词：粤东地区 儿童 呼吸道感染 病原学 检出率 月份 

分 类 号：R725.6[医药卫生—儿科]