新世界观的形成:东、西、南、北洋的概念流变  

The Formation of a New Worldview:The Conceptual Evolution of the Eastern Ocean,Western Ocean,Southern Ocean,Northern Ocean

作　　者：郭卫东 GUO Weidong(Anhui University of Science and Technology)

机构地区：[1]安徽理工大学,淮南232001 [2]北京大学历史学系,北京100871

出　　处：《清史研究》2024年第1期10-24,共15页The Qing History Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国特殊教育通史”(21&ZD221)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：东洋、西洋、南洋、北洋,是自古以来中国人对外域地理的指向统称,此等概念不乏演变,反映出中国人视野在不断望远,留痕了中国人全球观的历史进路。明清时代的中国人对新世界的看法既是接引域外之学的结果,也是国人与时俱进开放意识的标示。中国传统的“西洋”被解构,原来的“西洋”变成了“南洋”,新的“西洋”重构为更远方的“泰西”;“东洋”“北洋”部分超脱原有地理指称的意涵,而多了些政治文化的内容。凡此种种名同实异,在新陈代谢中国人东西南北洋概念的同时,也形塑着中国人放眼全球的新世界观。从长时段来看,中国从来就不是封闭的国度,愈益开放是中华民族文明史的主基调。The Eastern Ocean,Western Ocean,Southern Ocean and Northern Ocean have been general Chinese terms for foreign geography since ancient times.Constantly evolving,these geographical designations reflect historical development of the Chinese global outlook.Chinese views of the world in the Ming and Qing Dynasties were not only the result of absorbing learning from outside the country,but also a sign of the Chinese people’s openness to keep pace with the changing times.During the Ming and Qing dynasties,China’s traditional“Western Ocean”became“Southern Ocean”,and the new“Western Ocean”was reconstructed into the more distant“Far West”;“Eastern Ocean”and“Northern Ocean”partly transcended the meaning of the original geographical designation and had more political and cultural content that shaped a new Chinese worldview.All these similarities between name and reality,while reforming the Chinese concept of east,west,south and north,also created a new Chinese world view.From a long-term perspective,China has never been a closed country,and an everincreasing openness has been the main theme of the history of Chinese civilization.

关 键 词：东西南北洋 转义 开放 世界观 

分 类 号：K251[历史地理—历史学]