文字改革与中国近代速记术的确立  

Reform of Writing System and the Emergence of Modern Chinese Shorthand

作　　者：林翔 LIN Xiang(School of History and Culture,Minzu University of China)

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学历史文化学院,北京100081

出　　处：《清史研究》2024年第1期114-125,共12页The Qing History Journal

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“‘和制汉语’与日本近代概念史研究”(23CSS025)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：中国近代速记术的雏形是一种文字改革方案。它仿照西方的速记样式,融合汉语音韵创造而成,最初主要传播于民间。预备立宪时,清政府意识到速记术的重要性,拟聘请熊崎健一郎来华教授《支那速记术》,却遭到拒绝。其时,蔡锡勇的《传音快字》受到清政府的发掘和重视,被改造成更具中国语言特色的速记术,此即速记学堂的教学蓝本。这标志着“速记术”正式由传授于民的文字改革方案转变成一项服务于民的专业技能。“速记术”性质的转变也体现出清末拼音化文字改革式微,中国的文字改革步入了新的发展阶段。The precursor to modern Chinese shorthand was a proposal for reform of the writing system that borrowed from Western shorthand styles while incorporating elements of the Chinese pronunciation.Initially,this shorthand circulated primarily among the general populace.During the late Qing Dynasty,the government recognized the importance of shorthand as they prepared for constitutional reforms.They attempted to engage Kenichiro Kumazaki to teach“China Shorthand,”but their offer was declined.Concurrently,Cai Xiyong’s Chuanyin Kuaizi gained the attention and favor of the Qing government.It was subsequently adapted to better suit the unique characteristics of the Chinese language,serving as the foundational model for shorthand education.This transition marked the formal shift of“shorthand”from a reform of writing system proposal disseminated to the public to a specialized skill serving the needs of the people.This transformation in“shorthand”also signified the decline of alphabetic writing of Chinese characters in the late Qing Dynasty,marking the onset of a new phase in the development of reform of Chinese writing system.

关 键 词：文字改革 速记术 《传音快字》 《支那速记术》 速记学堂 

分 类 号：K257.5[历史地理—历史学]