19世纪朝鲜半岛汉语会话书俗字变异解析  

A Study on the Variation of Folk Characters in Chinese Conversation Textbooks on the Korean Peninsula in the 19th Century

作　　者：张黎 敏春芳[1] Zhang Li;Min Chunfang

机构地区：[1]兰州大学文学院 [2]甘肃政法大学文学与新闻传播学院

出　　处：《国际汉学》2024年第1期114-123,154,共11页International Sinology

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“西北民族地区回族话与回族经堂语、小儿经语言研究”(项目编号:17ZDA311)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：19世纪朝鲜半岛汉语会话书是朝鲜王朝后期流行于民间的一批私人手抄汉语会话类教科书。这批反映中朝边境贸易往来的抄本文献保留了大量的汉文俗字,不仅真实记录了朝鲜民间的书写习惯,也是研究朝鲜半岛汉字的丰富宝库。本文以传统“六书”与汉字构形学为理论指导,考察抄本俗字与正体字在笔画、构件和整字三个层级的变异类型,其简省与增繁、同化与异化、改换与易位等用字现象,充分反映了汉字在朝鲜半岛的传承和变异特征。笔画和构件的简化是抄本俗字变异中最基础、最直接的表现形式;构件形体的类推性,是维持会话书抄本文字系统的有效手段;新造六书俗字、记号俗字和新增音义俗字等体现了朝鲜编写者在继承汉字系统的前提下,对构形单位进行了部分改变和局部创新。The Chinese conversation textbooks on the Korean Peninsula in the 19th century were some handwritten ones compiled privately by Koreans in the late Joseon dynasty.In this collection of manuscripts reflecting the border trade between China and the Korea Peninsula a large number of special folk Chinese characters have been retained.They are not only a true record of the writing habits of the Korean people,but also a rich treasure trove for the study of Chinese characters on the Korean Peninsula.With these Chinese textbooks as the corpus,this paper discusses the variations between the special folk characters used by Koreans and regular characters at the three levels of strokes,components and whole characters by using the six categories of Chinese characters and Chinese character morphology as the theoretical guidance.This approach fully reflects the inheritance and variation characteristics of Chinese characters on the Korean Peninsula,such as simplification and complexity,assimilation and alienation,change and translocation,and so on.The simplification of strokes and components is the most basic and direct manifestation of the variation of the special folk characters in these Chinese textbooks.The shape variation of components is analogical,which is an effective means to maintain the text system of conversational transcripts.Some special folk character variants reflect the partial changes and local innovations of the Korean compilers to the various elements of the Chinese character system,such as the creation of six categories of special folk characters,the marked special characters,and newly added phonetic and semantic characteristics in these Chinese textbooks.

关 键 词：朝鲜半岛 汉语会话书 俗字 变异类型 

分 类 号：H123[语言文字—汉语]