不同生境下胡杨树体离子平衡及其与土壤因子关系  

Ion balance of Populus euphratica under different habitats and its relationship with soil factors

作　　者：王杰[1] 黑玉龙 黄文娟[1,2] 王鑫 李鹏飞[1] 姚诗雨[1] 彭承志 WANG Jie;HEI Yulong;HUANG Wenjuan;WANG Xin;LI Pengfei;YAO Shiyu;PENG Chengzhi(College of Life Science and Technology,Tarim University,Alar 843300,Xinjiang,China;Xinjiang Production&Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin,Alar 843300,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学生命科学与技术学院,新疆阿拉尔843300 [2]塔里木盆地生物资源保护利用省部共建国家重点实验室,新疆阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2024年第1期153-161,共9页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：“兵团英才”第二周期人才项目(黄文娟);塔里木盆地生物资源保护利用重点实验室开放课题(BRFW2101)资助。

摘　　要：为探讨胡杨适应盐渍环境的离子分布规律,揭示胡杨的耐盐生理机制,以高盐和低盐两种不同生境中的胡杨(Populus euphratica)为对象,测定其根、树干、老枝、幼枝、叶片等不同器官中Na^(+)、K^(+)、Ca^(2+)、Cl^(-)的含量,并分析各离子吸收、运输和分配特征的差异及其与土壤因子的关系。结果表明:(1)胡杨叶片中Na^(+)、Cl^(-)含量在高盐生境下显著低于低盐生境,K^(+)含量在高盐生境下显著高于低盐生境,其他器官的各离子含量变化均不显著;胡杨老枝、幼枝、叶片的K^(+)/Na^(+)在高盐生境下均显著高于低盐环境、Ca^(2+)/Na^(+)增幅不明显;在高盐生境下,根系选择吸收K^(+)能力显著低于低盐环境,但吸收Ca^(2+)能力较强,且各器官对Ca^(2+)、K^(+)选择向上运输的能力更强。(2)在低盐环境中Na^(+)、K^(+)、Cl^(-)主要分布在叶片中,Ca^(2+)主要分布在根中,树干向幼枝、老枝选择运输K^(+)、Ca^(2+)能力较强;高盐生境中Na^(+)、Ca^(2+)主要分布于根中,K^(+)、Cl^(-)主要分布在根和叶片中,树根向老枝、幼枝选择运输K^(+)、Ca^(2+)能力较强。(3)胡杨根系Na^(+)含量、地上器官K^(+)含量与大部分土壤因子均呈显著正相关;根系K^(+)含量与地上器官Na^(+)含量和大部分土壤因子均呈显著负相关;树干中Ca^(2+)含量与土壤总盐、电导率及Na^(+)呈显著负相关;幼枝、树干中Cl^(-)含量均与土壤HCO_(3)^(-)、SO_(4)^(2-)有显著相关性;土壤含水量与根系中Na^(+)含量呈显著正相关,与根系中K^(+)含量呈显著负相关。综合分析推测,胡杨为适应不同盐渍环境,主要通过调节盐分离子在各器官的区域化分布、根系与叶片区隔和限制作用及枝干对离子的调节作用,保证树体各器官的离子平衡和正常生理代谢。The purpose of this study was to explore the ion distribution in organs of Populus euphratica adapting to saline environment and to reveal the physiological mechanism of salt-tolerance of P.euphratica.We measured the contents of Na^(+),K^(+),Ca^(2+),and Cl^(-)in root,trunk,old branch,young branch,and leaf of P.euphratica in highand low-salt habitats,and analyzed the differences in absorption,transport and distribution characteristics of various ions and their relationships with soil factors.The results showed that:(1)Foliar Na^(+)and Cl^(-)contents in highsalt environment were significantly lower than those in low-salt environment,while foliar K^(+)content was significantly higher than that of low-salt environment.However,no significant differences in contents of the ions in other organs were observed between those two habitats.The K^(+)/Na^(+)of old branches,young branches,and leaves of P.euphratica in high-salt environment was significantly higher than that in low-salt environment,but the difference of Ca^(2+)/Na^(+)was not significant.While the ability of roots to selectively absorb K^(+)in high-salt environment was significantly weaker than that in the low-salt environment,the ability to absorb Ca^(2+)was stronger,and the ability of other organs to selectively transport Ca^(2+)and K^(+)upward was also stronger in high-salt environment.(2)In low-salt environment,Na^(+),K^(+),and Cl^(-)were mainly distributed in leaves,and Ca^(2+)was mainly distributed in roots.The ability of trunk to selectively transport K^(+)and Ca^(2+)to young and old branches was stronger in low-salt environment than that in high-salt environment.In high-salt environment,Na^(+)and Ca^(2+)were mainly distributed in roots,and K^(+)and Cl^(-)were mainly distributed in roots and leaves.Roots had stronger ability to transport K^(+)and Ca^(2+)to old branches and young branches.(3)Na^(+)content in the roots and K^(+)content in aboveground organs of P.euphratica were significantly positively correlated with most soil factors.Root K^(+)content was

关 键 词：盐渍环境 胡杨 离子吸收 离子运输 

分 类 号：S792.11[农业科学—林木遗传育种]