内蒙古草地质量对牧户生计脆弱性的影响评价  

Assessment of the impact of grassland quality on herdsmen livelihood vulnerability in Inner Mongolia.

作　　者：格日乐其木格 乌兰图雅[1,2,3] 斯琴朝克图 包木苏[1] GE Rileqimuge;WU Lantuya;SI Qinchaoketu;BAO Musu(College of Geographical Science,Inner Mongolia Normal University,Hohhot 010020,China;Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Disaster and Ecological Security on the Mongolian Plateau,Hohhot O10020,China;Provincial Key Laboratory of Mongolian Plateau's Climate System,Inner Mongolia Normal University,Hohhot 010020,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古师范大学地理科学学院,呼和浩特010020 [2]内蒙古自治区蒙古高原灾害与生态安全重点实验室,呼和浩特010020 [3]蒙古高原气候变化与区域响应自治区高等学校重点实验室,呼和浩特010020

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2024年第1期216-223,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41861024);内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2021BS04001);内蒙古自治区直属高校科研基本费专项(2022JBQN101);内蒙古自治区高等学校科学技术研究项目(NJZZ21006);内蒙古师范大学基金科研业务费专项(2022JBZD017);内蒙古师范大学研究科研创新基金项目(CXJJS21154)资助。

摘　　要：草地是重要的陆地生态系统,也是我国主要的畜牧业资源之一。随着草地退化日益严重,草地生态环境遭到破坏,草地可持续发展受到严重影响,对牧区牧民带来巨大的生计压力。系统分析草地质量对牧户生计的影响,对于制定有效的草地修复政策,增强牧户的草地退化适应能力,减轻牧区贫困人口的生计脆弱性具有重要意义。本文选取内蒙古典型草原区作为研究区,利用2017年和2019年野外采样数据及2021年牧户访谈数据,构建了牧户生计脆弱性评价指标体系,分析了草地质量对牧户生计脆弱性的影响,并探究了影响牧户生计脆弱性的关键因素。结果表明:内蒙古典型草原区纯牧户、牧兼户和非牧户的草场面积、人均收入差异不大,纯牧户、牧兼户的家庭劳动力较丰富,非牧户家庭劳动力较少;纯牧户、非牧户的生计脆弱性较高,牧兼户的生计脆弱性较低;草地质量是纯牧户生计脆弱性的关键影响因素,修复草地生态环境能够降低牧户生计脆弱性;发展以牧业为主的多样化生计、提高牧户家庭的健康水平和信贷资本,均有利于降低牧户生计脆弱性。Grassland is an important terrestrial ecosystem and a major resource for livestock husbandry.Increasing degradation has damaged the ecological environment of grasslands,seriously affecting their sustainability.This puts enormous pressure on the livelihoods of herders.A systematic analysis of the impacts of grassland quality on the livelihood of herders'households is important for formulating effective policies for grassland rehabilitation,enhancing the adaptability of pastoral households to grassland degradation,and reducing the livelihood vulnerability of the poor in pastoral areas.In typical grassland areas in Inner Mongolia,field sampling data in 2017 and 2019 and herding household interview data in 2021 were used to construct an index system for evaluating the livelihood vulnerability of herding households based on the impact of grassland quality.The index was used to analyze the key factors affecting the livelihood vulnerability of herding households.Pure herding,herding combined,and non-herding households in typical grassland areas of Inner Mongolia did not differ significantly in pasture area and per-capita income.Labor force of pure herding and herding combined households was richer than that of non-herding households.The livelihood vulnerability of pure herding and non-herding households was higher than that of herding combined households.Grassland quality was a key factor affecting the livelihood vulnerability of pure herding households.Restoration of the grassland's ecological environment could reduce the livelihood vulnerability of herders.Developing diversified livelihoods based on herding and improving the health level and credit capital of households would be conducive to reducing the livelihood vulnerability of herding households.

关 键 词：农户生计 草地退化 牧区振兴 典型草原 

分 类 号：F323.212[经济管理—产业经济] F323.8