黄河下游河道泥沙不均衡调整及其对水沙条件的响应  

Imbalance adjustment of sediment in the Lower Yellow River and its response to water and sediment conditions

作　　者：申冠卿[1] 王平[1] 张原锋[1] SHEN Guan-qing;WANG Ping;ZHANG Yuan-feng(Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research,Yellow River Conservancy Commission,Zhengzhou 450003,China)

机构地区：[1]黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院,河南郑州450003

出　　处：《泥沙研究》2023年第6期30-37,共8页Journal of Sediment Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金黄河水科学研究联合基金项目(U2243218)。

摘　　要：黄河下游河床调整主要取决于来水来沙条件和河床边界条件,水沙和边界条件又受到人类活动的影响。黄河下游河床演变极其复杂,河床纵横向冲淤调整不均衡特征明显,不均衡冲淤可能形成排洪“瓶颈”河段,危害河道防洪安全。针对河道不均衡调整现象,从不同河段河槽冲淤量、河槽横断面变化、水文站3 000 m^(3)/s同流量水位变化等方面,分析了各河段不同时期河道不均衡调整特征及河槽恢复水平,揭示了排洪“瓶颈”河段形成、发展及消失与水沙条件的关系。目前夹河滩以上河段的河槽基本恢复到1969年或1960年以来最好水平,夹河滩至高村河段恢复到1989年水平,高村至利津河段恢复到1985年水平。研究成果可为黄河下游水沙调控提供理论支撑。River channel adjustments depend mainly on the incoming sediment and water and the boundary conditions in the Lower Yellow River.However,water and sediment conditions and river boundary are intervened by human being activities.Fluvial process is very complicated in the Lower Yellow River and the river channel adjustment with erosion and deposition in longitudinal and transverse is characterized in the obviously imbalance,which result in forming the bottle-neck reach of flood discharge and endangering the flood defense.In responding to the phenomena of imbalance adjustment,the characteristics of the imbalance adjustment and channels restoring in different reaches of the Lower Yellow River during different periods are analyzed from the process of erosion and deposition in channel,variation of channel cross section and change of water level at discharge of 3000 m^(3)/s.The relationship between the formation,development and disappearance of the bottle-neck reach of flood discharge with the incoming water and sediment is revealed.The comprehensive analysis results show than the main channels upstream of Jiahetan have been restored to the level in 1969,which is at the best level since 1960.The reaches from Jiahetan to gaocun and from Gaocun to Lijin has been restored to the level in 1989 and in 1985 respectively.It can provide technical support to improvement of the imbalance adjustment and regulation of water and sediment in the Lower Yellow River.

关 键 词：不均衡调整 排洪“瓶颈”河段 水沙调控 河槽恢复 黄河下游 

分 类 号：TV147.1[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]