三峡水库典型暴雨过程径流泥沙来源组成变化分析  

Study on the flow and sediment sources to the Three Gorges Reservoir during the typical torrential rains

作　　者：李思璇 袁晶 朱玲玲 吕超楠 LI Si-xuan;YUAN Jing;ZHU Ling-ling;LYU Chao-nan(Bureau of Hydrology,Changjiang Water Resources Commission,Wuhan 430010,China;China Three Gorges Corporation,Yichang 443100,China)

机构地区：[1]长江水利委员会水文局,湖北武汉430010 [2]中国长江三峡集团有限公司,湖北宜昌443100

出　　处：《泥沙研究》2023年第6期38-43,共6页Journal of Sediment Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金长江水科学联合基金项目(U2040218);三峡后续工作项目“三峡水库区间支流水沙变化”(21303);中国长江三峡集团有限公司科研项目(0704220)。

摘　　要：近年来,受上游干支流水库拦沙、降雨变化和水土保持等因素的影响,三峡入库泥沙锐减,支流来沙占比增大且局地暴雨集中输沙等新现象逐步显现。基于长时间序列资料,分析了近40年来10场典型暴雨过程中径流和泥沙的来源,分析结果表明,长江上游主降雨带常位于嘉陵江、岷江和沱江流域,暴雨洪水的主要产流产沙区与主要降雨区基本一致。典型暴雨期间三峡入库径流地区组成变化不大,主要来自于金沙江、岷江和嘉陵江。在溪洛渡和向家坝水库建成前,三峡入库泥沙以金沙江流域占比最大,在溪洛渡和向家坝水库蓄水运用后,在场次暴雨中金沙江向家坝站输沙总量的占比不足1%,岷江、沱江和嘉陵江的占比显著增大。In recent years,affected by multiple factors such as the operation of water conservancy projects,climate change and soil conservation,phenomena such as the sharp decrease in sediment transport into the Three Gorges Reservoir,the increase in the proportion of sediment from tributaries,and the concentrated sediment transport by local heavy rainfalls have gradually emerged.Based on recent 40 years observation data,the sources of runoff and sediment during ten torrential rains are analyzed.The results show that the main rainfall zones in the upper Yangtze River are often located in the Jialing River,Min River and Tuo River basins,and the runoff and sediment producing areas during the torrential rains are basically consistent with the main rainfall areas.During the typical torrential rains,the runoff sources in to the Three Gorges Reservoir has little changed,mainly from Jinsha River,Min River and Jialing River.After the impoundment of Xiluodu and Xiangjiaba reservoirs,the inflow sediment from Jinsha River basin sharply decreases from the largest proportion to less than 1%,while the proportion of Min River,Tuo River and Jialing River,has increased significantly.

关 键 词：三峡水库 水沙来源 典型暴雨 组成变化 

分 类 号：TV141.3[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]