中国各省市区种养业灰水足迹分析与评价  

ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF GRAY WATER FOOTPRINT FOR PLANTING-ANIMAL HUSBANDRY INDUSTRY IN PROVINCIAL REGIONS,CHINA

作　　者：楚天舒[1,2,3] 黄译萱 赖世宣 杨行 侯勇 Chu Tianshu;Huang Yixuan;Lai Shixuan;Yang Hang;Hou Yong(National Academy of Agriculture Green Development,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100125,China;College of Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学国家农业绿色发展研究院,北京100193 [2]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193 [3]农业农村部资源循环利用技术与模式重点实验室,北京100125 [4]中国农业大学工学院,北京100083

出　　处：《中国农业资源与区划》2023年第11期53-64,共12页Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning

基　　金：农业农村部资源循环利用技术与模式综合性重点实验室开放课题“基于水环境承载力的南方水网地区生猪粪污还田潜力研究——以衢州为例”(KLTMCUAR2021-3);国家重点研发计划政府间专项“畜禽废弃物综合管理对减少环境污染和提高土壤质量的影响分析”(2016YFE0103100)。

摘　　要：[目的]深入挖掘第二次全国污染源普查成果,科学评价与分析各地区农业源水污染排放现状与环境压力,将有助于区域污染物减排与政策制定。[方法]文章拟核算2017年中国31个省(市、区,不含港澳台)种养业的灰水足迹,构建评价指标体系,选取熵值法和理想点法作为综合评价方法,系统性评价与分析种养业水污染物排放量与产量、产值的协同关系,表征水污染物排放对区域地表水的环境压力。[结果](1)2017年全国种植业和畜禽养殖业灰水足迹分别为4898亿m^(3)和6841亿m^(3),分别呈现“南高北低”和“东高西低”的地理分布特征。(2)畜禽养殖业水污染物排放带来的水环境压力大于种植业,尤其是黄淮海地区。(3)在种植业中,江苏和海南的灰水足迹综合评价结果相对较低;在畜禽养殖业中,河北、西藏、天津和宁夏相对较低。[结论]建议种养业未来以减排增效为核心发展目标,海南优化肥料施用结构与方式、黄淮海地区调控种养业生产规模与方式、长江中下游地区拦截稻田退水污染。该文从水环境保护角度为中国种养业绿色发展提供政策建议。As a crucial national survey in China,Second National Pollution Census comprehensively verifies the discharge of various pollutants and provides data in support of the formulation of national economic and social development outlines and ecological and environmental policies.According to Second National Pollution Census Bulletins,the emissions of COD,ammonia nitrogen,total nitrogen and total phosphorus from agricultural sources accountes for 49.77%,22.44%,46.52%and 67.22%of the total national emissions,which are the main sources of water pollutants.However,there are large differences between different regions in agricultural water pollutant emissions.Therefore,it becomes an urgent problem how to dig deeper into the results of the Second National Pollution Census and scientifically assesses the water pollutant discharges from the planting-animal husbandry industry.This paper is intended to account for the gray water footprint of the planting-animal husbandry industry in 31 provinces(cities,autonomous regions,excluding Hong Kong,Macao,and Taiwan in China)based on the results of the Second National Pollution Census.And an evaluation index system and a comprehensive evaluation method was constructed,which could be used to analyze and evaluate the current situation of water pollution discharge from the planting-animal husbandry industry,and explore its characteristics and regular patterns.It was expected to provide a theoretical basis for the green development for planting-animal husbandry industry.The results showed that the total gray water footprint of the national planting industry and animal husbandry industry was 489.8 billion m^(3) and 684.1 billion m^(3) in 2017,respectively.An obvious aggregation effect in the spatial distribution was observed,showing the characteristics of‘high in the South and low in the North’for planting industry,and‘high in the East and low in the West'for animal husbandry industry.In the water environment pressure evaluation index,the discharge of water pollutants from the animal h

关 键 词：灰水足迹 水环境压力 种植业 畜禽养殖业 综合评价 

分 类 号：X824[环境科学与工程—环境工程]