马克思对亚当·斯密价值理论的批判和超越——基于《政治经济学批判(1861—1863年手稿)》的研究  

Marx's Critique and Transcendence of the Theory of Value of Adam Smith:Research on Economical Manuscript of 1861-1863

作　　者：李彬彬 Li Binbin

机构地区：[1]北京大学马克思主义学院,北京100871

出　　处：《马克思主义理论学科研究》2023年第12期34-43,共10页Studies on Marxist Theory

摘　　要：亚当·斯密的劳动价值论和收入形式价值论是其在商品价值决定理论上的两大贡献。劳动价值论把一般无差别的社会劳动作为价值的决定因素,不仅超出了重商主义和重农主义的狭隘眼界,而且由于把劳动和财富生产过程作为分析的焦点,超出了传统经济学关注流通领域的弊病。收入形式价值论则不仅关联着商品的价值,而且关联着国民财富的来源,启发了后来的生产费用价值论,又被称为“斯密教条”。马克思在《政治经济学批判(1861—1863年手稿)》中详细地批判了亚当·斯密劳动价值论的自相矛盾之处,并在科学劳动价值论的基础上解决了斯密的矛盾,同时批判了收入形式价值论的矛盾和循环论证,并在剩余价值理论的基础上揭示了收入的真正来源。马克思对亚当·斯密价值理论的批判和超越为马克思主义政治经济学的科学性奠定了基础。The labour theory of value and the revenue theory of value are two great contributions of Adam Smith to the political economy.The labour theory of value takes the general labour as the determining factor of value,transcends the defect of mercantilism and agralism,and overcomes the disadvantages of traditional political economy which focuses only the realm of circulation.The revenue theory of value relates to the value of commodity on the one hand and the sources of national wealth on the other hand,is called credo of Smith.In Economical Manuscript of 1861-1863,Marx criticized the self-contradiction of the labour theory of value of Smith,and solved the contradiction on the basis of scientific labour theory of value;and criticized the contradiction and Petitio principi in the revenue theory of value,disclosed the true sources of the three revenues.The critique of the theory of value of Smith confirmed the scientific nature of Marxs political economy.

关 键 词：政治经济学批判(1861—1863年手稿) 斯密 价值理论 收入形式 剩余价值论 

分 类 号：A81[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]