高能束增材制造铝合金及其复合材料缺陷形成与控制机理  

Defect Formation and Control Mechanism of Additive Manufactured Al-Based Alloys and Composites

作　　者：李建超 鲁晓楠 王欢 高翔[1] LI Jianchao;LU Xiaonan;WANG Huan;GAO Xiang(Ningbo Innovation Center,Zhejiang University,Ningbo 315100,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310027,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学宁波科创中心,宁波315100 [2]浙江大学材料科学与工程学院,杭州310027

出　　处：《航空制造技术》2024年第1期87-96,共10页Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFB3707404);国家自然科学基金(52101184);浙江省“领雁”研发攻关计划(2022C01087)。

摘　　要：增材制造技术的快速发展为高性能铝合金及其复合材料的设计制备与应用带来了机遇。本文介绍了增材制造技术在铝合金及其复合材料中的应用现状与未来趋势,并分析了增材制造工艺参数对铝合金及其复合材料显微组织及力学性能的影响。在此基础上,以激光增材制造技术为主,综述了铝合金及其复合材料在增材制造过程中的缺陷形成机理与缺陷控制策略。其中,铝合金的宽半固态区间、高热导率、对激光的高反射率、激光增材制造本身特有的大升降温速率,以及高温度梯度等特性共同导致了打印复合材料组织粗大、孔洞、微裂纹缺陷的产生。通过引入纳米颗粒以提高形核率、稳定熔池或提高铝合金对激光的吸收率,可显著减少增材制造铝合金及其复合材料缺陷数量。未来,应对新型增材制造技术的缺陷形成与控制机理、增材制造专用铝合金粉体研发及增强体分布调控方法等开展相关研究。本文将为高性能铝合金及其复合材料的增材制造开发与应用提供参考。The rapid development of additive manufacturing technology(AM)has brought opportunities for the design,preparation,and application of high-performance aluminum alloys and Al matrix composites(AMCs).In this review,the application status and prospects of AM in Al-based alloys/composites were addressed.The effect of process parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties were analyzed in detail.On this basis,the formation mechanism and control strategy of defects in Al-based alloys/composites during the AM process were reviewed.It was found that the wide semi-solid range,high thermal conductivity,high laser reflectivity of Al,high heating/cooling rate,and the resultant great temperature gradient during AM jointly lead to the formation of defects,e.g.,coarse grains,pores,and micro cracks.By introducing nanoparticles to increase the nucleation rate,stabilize the molten pool,and increase the laser absorption rate,the density of defects can be significantly reduced.In the future,a deeper understanding of defect control mechanisms,composition regulation,and reinforcement distribution in AM technologies is needed,as well as the development of special Al powders for AM.This review provides a reference for the development and application of high-performance Al-based alloys/composites fabricated via AM.

关 键 词：增材制造(AM) 铝合金 铝基复合材料(AMCs) 缺陷控制 缺陷形成机理 

分 类 号：TG146.21[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] TB33[金属学及工艺—金属材料]