航天设备制造业铆接及打磨作业手传振动危害现状  

Status quo of hand-transmitted vibration hazards of riveting and sanding operation in aerospace equipment manufacturing industry

作　　者：乔娟 王晓博 王静 贾乐乐 李静芸 QIAO Juan;WANG Xiaobo;WANG Jing;JIA Lele;LI Jingyun(Evaluation Department,Occupational Hazard Assessment Center of China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation Limited,Bejing,100074,China;Test Department,Occupational Hazard Assessment Center of China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation Limited,Bejing,100074,China;Beijing Geriatric Hospital Disease Control Department,Beijing,100095,China;National Center for Occupational Safety and Health,National Health Commission of the People s Republic of China,Laboratory of Physical Factors and Ergonomics,Beijing,102308,China)

机构地区：[1]中国航天科工集团有限公司职业病危害评价中心评价室,北京100074 [2]中国航天科工集团有限公司职业病危害评价中心检测室,北京100074 [3]北京老年医院疾控处,北京100095 [4]国家卫生健康委职业安全卫生研究中心物理因素与人机工效研究室,北京102308

出　　处：《职业与健康》2023年第23期3196-3199,共4页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的 调查航天设备制造行业铆接及打磨作业工人手传振动(hand-transmitted vibration,HTV)接触水平及职业卫生管理状况,为职业性手臂振动病(occupational hand-arm vibration disease,OHAVD)的防控提供依据,为企业实施职业健康管理提供指导。方法 2022年3—9月,对118家航天设备制造企业进行调查,选择具有铆接和打磨作业的企业为研究对象,对作业人员接触HTV强度进行检测,对作业现场进行职业卫生学调查,对测量和调查结果进行分析。结果 118家航天设备制造企业中存在铆接作业的企业共20家,其中2家企业对HTV强度进行了检测,占10%;铆接作业主要存在于总装、装配环节,涉及作业人员156人,工人均有手麻、手痛等接触HTV的自觉症状。存在打磨作业的企业共57家,10家企业组织对打磨作业岗位人员接触HTV强度进行检测,占17.5%。打磨作业主要存在于焊接、粘接配套工序,部分存在于抛光、去毛刺等后处理工序,涉及作业人员619人,248名工人有手麻、手痛等自觉症状,占39.7%,且女性自觉症状较为显著。被调查企业中,有2家企业组织接触HTV作业人员进行了接触HTV的职业健康检查,未发现与职业接触相关的异常结果。HTV强度测量结果显示,铆接作业场所工人HTV 4 h频率计权振动加速度[a_(hw(4))]测量结果范围为0.47~33.09 m/s^(2),超标率为33.3%。打磨作业场所工人HTV强度a_(hw(4))测量结果范围为0.012~7.640 m/s^(2),超标率为5.56%。结论 HTV是航天设备制造业铆接和打磨作业的主要职业病危害因素之一,应引起企业管理人员和劳动者的重视。企业可探索使用焊接代替铆接工艺,为打磨设备设计减振手柄,并为作业人员配备专用隔振手套等方式降低HTV危害。航天设备制造业铆接和打磨作业场所HTV检测率和职业健康检查率较低,应提高铆接、打磨作业中产生HTV场所的HTV检测率和人员职业健康检查率。Objective To investigate hand-transmitted vibration (HTV) exposure level and occupational health management status of riveting and grinding workers in aerospace equipment manufacturing industry,so as to provide basis for prevention and control of occupational arm vibration disease(OHAVD) and provide guidance for enterprises to implement occupational health management.Methods From March to September 2022,118 aerospace equipment manufacturing enterprises were investigated,enterprises with riveting and grinding operations were selected as the research objects,the exposure intensity of operators to HTV was tested,occupational hygiene survey was conducted on the job site,and the measurement and investigation results were analyzed.Results Among the 118 aerospace equipment manufacturing enterprises,there were 20 enterprises involved riveting process,of which 2 enterprises tested the strength of HTV,accounting for 10%.The riveting operation mainly occurs in the general assembly and assembly links,involving 156 operators.All workers had self-conscious symptoms of HTV exposure such as hand numbness and hand pain.There were 57 enterprises with grinding process,and 10 enterprises organized to test strength of HTV at grinding operation posts,accounting for 17.5%.Grinding mainly occurs in welding,bonding and other supporting processes,and some in polishing,deburring and other post-treatment processes.619 operators were involved,of which 248 workers self-conscious symptoms of HTV exposure such as hand numbness and hand pain,accounting for 39.7%,and women had significant subjective symptoms.Among the investigated enterprises,only 2 enterprises organized workers exposed to HTV to undergo occupational health examination,and no abnormal results related to occupational exposure were found.The HTV strength measurement results showed that the HTV strength a_(hw(4))of workers in riveting workplace ranges from 0.47-33.09 m/s^(2),and the over-standard rate was33.3%.The measurement range of HTV strength a_(hw(4))of workers in grinding wor

关 键 词：航天设备制造业 手传振动 手臂振动病 职业健康 

分 类 号：R134.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]