北京市38家企业工作场所噪声危害调查  

Investigation on noise hazards in workplaces of 38 enterprises in Beijing

作　　者：李爱华[1] 吴丹[1] 刘丽霞[1] 李海月[1] 林英[1] LI Aihua;WU Dan;LIU Lixia;LI Haiyue;LIN Ying(Institute for Occupational Health,Beijing Center for Diseases Control and Prevention,Beijing,100013,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市疾病预防控制中心职业卫生所,北京100013

出　　处：《职业与健康》2023年第23期3304-3307,共4页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的 了解北京市重点行业工作场所噪声危害现状,为噪声防控措施的制定提供科学依据。方法 2021年9—12月,根据《北京市2021年工作场所职业病危害因素监测工作方案》内容,随机选取北京市6个辖区,其中城区3个,非城区3个,共38家企业作为本次研究对象。采取现场调查和现场检测相结合的方式,收集企业基本信息,并对作业场所噪声强度进行测量,采用Fisher确切概率法、Kruskal-Wallis H检验进行危险因素分析。结果 本次研究共纳入38家企业,职业病危害申报率、企业负责人接受培训率、职业卫生管理人员接受培训率和劳动者接受培训率分别为92.1%、94.7%、94.7%和85.4%,不同地区劳动者接受培训率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。噪声强度中位数为79.3 dB(A),超标率为18.3%,不同行业噪声8 h等效声级(normalization of equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure level to a nominal 8h working day,LEX,8h)或每周40 h等效声级(normalization of equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure level to a nominal 40 h working week,LEX,W)超标率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。汽车零部件及配件制造行业LEX,8h/LEX,W超标率最高,为8.3%。结论 北京市噪声超标率处于相对较低水平,但仍需加强防控。尤其是对于小型规模企业、汽车零部件及配件制造行业,应重点加强监督管理。落实用人单位的主体责任,指导其建立和完善控制噪声危害的管理制度,加强对于接害劳动者的噪声危害相关知识的宣教和培训,从而有效降低噪声危害对劳动者健康的影响。Objective To understand the current situation of noise hazards in the workplaces of key industries in Beijing,provide a scientific basis for the formulation of noise prevention and control measures. Methods From September to December 2021,according to the Beijing 2021 Workplace Occupational Disease Hazard Monitoring Work Plan,six districts were randomly selected in Beijing,including three urban areas and three non-urban areas,with a total of 38 enterprises as the research objects.A combination of on-site investigation and on-site inspection was adopted to collect basic information of the enterprise,and the noise intensity in workplace was measured. The Fisher exact probability and Kruskal-Wallis H test were used for analysis of risk factors.Results There were 38 companies included in this study.The declaration rate of occupational hazards,the training rate of the person in charge of the enterprise,the training rate of occupational health management personnel and the training rate of workers was 92.1%,94.7%,94.7% and 85.4%,respectively.There was a statistically significant difference in the training rate of workers among different regions(P<0.05).The median noise intensity was 79.3 dB(A),and the exceeding rate was 18.3%.There were statistically significant differences in the exceeding rates of normalization of equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure level to a nominal 8 h working day(LEX,8h) and normalization of equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure level to a nominal 40 h working week(LEX,W) among different industries(P<0.05). The exceeding rate of LEX,8h/LEX,Win automotive parts and accessories manufacturing industry was the highest(8.3%). Conclusions The exceeding rate of noise in Beijing is at a relatively low level,but prevention and control still needs to be strengthened. The supervision and management should be strengthened in small-scale enterprises,auto parts and accessories manufacturing industries.It is necessary to implement the main responsibility of employers,and guide them to estab

关 键 词：噪声危害 重点行业 北京市 

分 类 号：R134.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]