耕地经营规模对农户水稻生产生态效率的影响——以常德市为例  

Impact of cultivated land operating scale on the ecological efficiency of farmers’rice production:a case of Changde City

作　　者：文高辉 黄丹妮 谢依林 胡贤辉[1] WEN Gaohui;HUANG Danni;XIE Yilin;HU Xianhui(School of Geographical Sciences,Hunan Normal University,Changsha 410081,China;Hunan Key Laboratory of Geospatial Big Data Mining and Application,Changsha 410081,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学地理科学学院,长沙410081 [2]地理空间大数据挖掘与应用湖南省重点实验室,长沙410081

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报（中英文）》2024年第2期330-343,共14页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41801190);湖南省教育厅重点项目(22A0066);湖南省自然科学基金项目(2023JJ30407);广东省哲学社会科学规划项目(GD21YGL05);湖南省自然资源科研项目(2022-33)资助。

摘　　要：提高水稻生产生态效率是协同实现保障粮食产量稳增长与减少粮食生产环境损耗双目标的关键路径,耕地作为农业生产活动最基本的生产资料之一,探索耕地经营规模对农户水稻生产生态效率的影响对促进农业适度规模化经营和耕地可持续利用具有重要意义。本文基于粮食生产微观主体——农户的视角,从理论上揭示耕地经营规模对农户水稻生产生态效率的影响,并利用常德市416份农户问卷调查数据,运用随机前沿分析法构建效率测算模型和影响模型进行实证检验。研究表明:农户耕地规模化水平和水稻生产生态效率均有待提升,样本农户中较小规模农户数量最多,占总样本的94.95%,较小规模农户仍是农业生产的主力;农户水稻生产生态效率均值为0.830,还存在0.170的提升空间。耕地经营规模对农户水稻生产生态效率有显著影响,二者并非简单线性关系而是呈“倒U型”关系,且拐点所在区间为1.2~1.4 hm2;农户水稻生产生态效率还受到户主受教育程度、抚养比、农业收入占比的显著正向影响和户主年龄的显著负向影响。因此,应在尊重较小规模农户将长期存在这一现实的基础上,进一步推进耕地适度规模经营并培育新型农户,以促进水稻生产生态效率提高。Improving the ecological efficiency of rice production is key to achieving the dual goals of guaranteeing the stable growth of grain production and reducing the environmental loss of cultivated land use.Cultivated land is the basic source of agricultural production.Therefore,exploring the impact of cultivated land operating scale on the ecological efficiency of rice production by farmers is of great importance in promoting moderate-scale agricultural operations and the sustainable utilization of cultivated land.Unlike other studies that have mostly focused on the medium and macro dimensions of cities and provinces,this study was based on the mi-cro dimension of grain production—farmers’perspectives.Moreover,the conclusions obtained from this study can compensate for the lack in previous studies in terms of targeted exploration on the impact mechanism of cultivated land operating scale on farmers’rice production(ecological)efficiency and the existence of a nonlinear relationship between them.Using data from 416 questionnaire surveys from farmers in Changde City,a random frontier analysis method was used to construct an efficiency calculation model and an impact model to empirically test the relationship between cultivated land operating scale and the farmers’ecological efficiency of rice production.The results were:1)Farmer scale levels and the rice production ecological efficiency need to be improved.Among the sample farmers,the number of smaller operating scale farmers was the highest,accounting for 94.95%of the total sample,indicating that small-scale farmers remain the main forces of agricultural production.The average farmers’ecological efficiency of rice production was 0.830,with a room for improvement of 0.170.2)Cultivated land operating scale had a significant impact on the farmers’ecological efficiency of rice production.The ecological efficiency of rice production by farmers tended to increase and then decrease with the expansion of the cultivated land operating scale.Their relationship was n

关 键 词：水稻生产 耕地规模经营 生态效率 随机前沿模型 农户 

分 类 号：F323.2[经济管理—产业经济]